Chapter 2 - NUR 240 Review Questions

Who of the following is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment?

Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale conceptualized the nurse's role as manipulating the environment to facilitate and encourage the reparative process. This would be accomplished by attending to ventilation, warmth, light, diet, cleanliness, and noise.

Who is considered to be the first nursing researcher?

Florence Nightingale Nursing research has been an integral part of the profession since Florence Nightingale documented the care of soldiers in the Crimean War.

A nurse is planning to conduct a nursing research study and is seeking federal funding. Which institution would be most helpful for the nurse to contact funding? a) National Institutes of Health b) ANA Cabinet on Nursing Research c) Institute of Medicine d) National Institute of Nursing Research

National Institute of Nursing Research

A nurse is planning to participate in a research project and is looking for information about what is already known about the topic. The nurse is involved in which step of the research process? a) problem statement formulation b) problem area identification c) scientific literature review d) identification of theoretical framework

scientific literature review The nurse is engaged in a review of the scientific literature to find out what is already known about the subject and to prevent duplication of effort if the subject is already well-studied.

The nursing instructor asks a group of students to identify a theory that describes the maturation of humans through stages. One student correctly identifies this theory as what? a) Developmental theory b) Systems theory c) Nursing theory d) Adaptation theory

Developmental Theory Developmental theory describes maturation of humans through stages. Nursing theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice. Systems theory describes how parts interact together. Adaptation theory describes adjustment of living things to other living things and the environment.

Which is not a focus of nursing research? a) Prevention of trauma b) Promotion of recovery c) Drug metabolism by Cytochrome P450 d) Health appraisal

Drug metabolism by Cytochrome P450 Nursing research is defined as a systematic inquiry into the problems encountered in nursing practice and into the modalities of client care such as health appraisal, prevention of trauma, promotion of recovery, and coordination of health care

Which of these is not a criterion for critically evaluating websites when doing a literature review? a) Coverage b) Currency c) Authority d) Objectivity e) Accessibility

Accessibility Authority, currency, objectivity, and coverage are just a few of the criteria used to determine if website content is valid, accurate, and reliable

A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study and uses the PICO format to develop the foreground question which is: "In adults, does reducing salt intake, compared to no change in salt intake, lower blood pressure?" The nurse identifies the "P" as: a) lower blood pressure. b) adults. c) reducing salt intake. d) no change in salt intake.

Adults. Using the PICO format, "P" refers to the population, which in this case is adults. "I" refers to the intervention, which is reducing salt intake. "C" refers to comparison, which is no change in salt intake. "O" refers to the outcome, which would be lower blood pressure

The nursing instructor is explaining sources of knowledge to a group of nursing students. The nursing instructor describes "some knowledge is gained from someone with a great deal of perceived experience." One of the students correctly describes this source as being: a) Philosophy knowledge b) Authoritative knowledge c) Scientific knowledge d) Traditional knowledge

Authoritative knowledge Authoritative knowledge comes from an expert or someone who has perceived experience. Traditional knowledge is passed from one generation to another and scientific knowledge is provided by way of the scientific method. Philosophy is a specific type of knowledge, not a source

A nurse who works in a pediatric practice assesses the developmental level of children of various ages to determine their psychosocial development. These assessments are based on the work of: a) Maslow b) Rogers c) Watson d) Erikson

Erikson Explanation: Erik Erikson based his theory of psychosocial development on the process of socialization, emphasizing how individuals learn to interact with the world. Erikson recognized the role of social, biologic, and environmental factors in development, and defined specific tasks or conflicts that people accomplish or overcome during what he defined as the eight stages of life, based on chronological age. Abraham Maslow developed his theory of human needs in terms of physical and psychosocial needs considered essential to human life, rather than by chronologic age as Erikson did. Maslow defined five levels of need in a hierarchy, with different needs existing simultaneously. Jean Watson is a nursing theorist who is known for her focus on caring. The central theme of her work is that nursing is concerned with promoting and restoring health, preventing illness, and caring for the sick. Caring is universal and is practiced through interpersonal relationships. Martha Rogers is a nursing theorist who is known for her theory focus of the individual client being central to the discipline of nursing. Nursing interventions are directed toward repatterning human environment fields or assisting in mobilizing inner resources.

A nurse researcher is preparing to conduct a research study. To ensure that the study is ethical, the nurse would need to adhere to which human right?

The five rights outlined in 1985 by the ANA human rights guidelines (self-determinism, privacy and dignity, anonymity and confidentiality, fair treatment, and protection from discomfort and harm) apply to all people involved in research projects and continue to be the standard today

A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which of the following will the "O" in the team's PICO question refer to? a) clients who have experienced a stroke b) the currently-used turning schedule c) turning clients more frequently d) preventing skin breakdown

Prevention of skin breakdown Within the PICO question framework, the "O" denotes the outcome of interest. In this case, the desired outcome is the prevention of skin breakdown. Stroke clients are the "P," or population of interest, while turning clients more frequently is the "I," or intervention. The current turning schedule is the "C," referring to the comparison of interest.

A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "My grandmother always told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow." The information that the client is expressing is known as what? a) Authoritative knowledge b) Traditional knowledge c) Philosophical knowledge d) Scientific knowledge

Traditional knowledge Traditional knowledge is known as knowledge that is passed down from one generation to the next. A grandmother passing information is an example of traditional knowledge. Authoritative knowledge is information that is gleaned from an expert based on their perceived experience. Scientific knowledge is derived through the scientific method. Philosophy is the study of wisdom and one perceptions of life