Chapter 2 Nutrition

Low-density lipoproteins, or LDL, are often referred to as "good" cholesterol. a. True b. False

False

Segmentation begins when a bolus enters the esophagus.

False

The idea of "food-combining diets," or avoiding certain combinations of food, is valid- the digestive system cannot handle more than one task at a time.

False

Bacteria in the colon protect people from some infections. a. True b. False

True

Hands should be washed with soap and water often during food preparation in order to reduce the risk of foodborne illness. a. True b. False

True

Which of the following foods would be digested most rapidly? a. a scoop of lemon sherbet b. an apple c. a baked potato with sour cream d. a piece of cheese on a cracker e. a hamburger

a. a scoop of lemon sherbet

Chyme is: a. a semiliquid mass of partially digested food. b. a portion of food swallowed at one time. c. an enzyme in the stomach needed for the digestion of protein. d. an esophageal secretion. e. successive waves of involuntary muscular contractions passing along the wall of the GI tract.

a. a semiliquid mass of partially digested food.

After absorption, the water-soluble nutrients are released directly into the: a. bloodstream. b. kidneys. c. liver. d. lymph. e. villi.

a. bloodstream.

Which nutrients are digested in the small intestine? a. carbohydrate, fat, and protein b. fat, water, and fiber c. protein, vitamins, and fiber d. water, fiber, and minerals e. carbohydrate, fat, and water

a. carbohydrate, fat, and protein

Enzymes: a. facilitate chemical reactions. b. draw water into the small intestine. c. are present in all parts of the GI tract. d. encourage bacterial growth. e. are changed during digestion.

a. facilitate chemical reactions.

Gallbladder disease, such as cancer, can compromise the digestion of: a. fat b. protein c. carbohydrate d. fiber e. minerals

a. fat

Which of the following nutrients takes longest to digest? a. fat b. sugar c. vitamin C d. fruit sugar e. glucose

a. fat

Which of the following nutrients is/are absorbed into the lymphatic system? a. fat-soluble vitamins b. water c. amino acids d. glucose e. minerals

a. fat-soluble vitamins

Which two organs secrete digestive juices into the small intestine? a. gallbladder and pancreas b. pancreas and liver c. gallbladder and liver d. duodenum and pancreas e. liver and stomach

a. gallbladder and pancreas

In addition to hydrochloric acid, the stomach cells also secrete: a. mucus. b. bile. c. amylase.

a. mucus.

A patient has lost the ability to digest the majority of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats due to a loss of enzymes. Which organ is most likely failing her? a. pancreas b. gallbladder c. stomach d. liver e. intestine

a. pancreas

The gallbladder: a. reabsorbs water and salts. b. churns food to chyme. c. performs enzymatic digestion. d. stores bile. e. contains bacteria that produce Vitamin K.

a. reabsorbs water and salts.

One of the functions of the colon is to absorb: a. salts. b. vitamins. c. sugars. d. fiber. e. fats.

a. salts.

Involuntary muscle contractions move food through the intestinal tract. The movement that forces the contents back a few inches before pushing it forward again is called: a. segmentation. b. rotation. c. peristalsis. d. liquefaction. e. kneading.

a. segmentation.

Fats present in the GI tract: a. slow down the process of digestion and absorption. b. cause difficulty in digestion. c. stimulate and hasten digestion and absorption. d. are carriers of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin. e. cause GI inflammation.

a. slow down the process of digestion and absorption.

Which of these foods would be digested most quickly? a. sugar cookies b. peanut butter sandwich and milk c. stew and cornbread d. hamburger, French fries, and milkshake e. steak and baked potato

a. sugar cookies

The normal pH of the stomach is: a. very acidic. b. slightly acidic. c. neutral. d. slightly alkaline. e. strongly alkaline.

a. very acidic.

Once the digestive process is complete, the colon retrieves materials that the body must recycle. These materials are: a. water and dissolved salts. b. iron and water. c. protein and sodium. d. water and fiber. e. fat and fiber.

a. water and dissolved salts.

What is gastric juice composed of? a. water, enzymes, and hydrochloric acid b. enzymes, water, and pancreatic acid c. chylomicrons, water, and bile d. hydrochloric acid, bile, and enzymes e. hydrochloric acid, insulin, and bile

a. water, enzymes, and hydrochloric acid

Which of the following foods would take the most time to digest? a. a piece of toast with strawberry jam b. a grilled steak c. a green salad with low-fat salad dressing d. a cup of green beans e. a piece of cake with frosting

b. a grilled steak

A benefit of fiber is that it: a. promotes mineral absorption. b. aids in keeping stools soft. c. prevents diarrhea. d. keeps individual foods from getting mixed together. e. promotes fat absorption.

b. aids in keeping stools soft.

A bolus is a(n): a. sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine. b. portion of food swallowed at one time. c. enzyme that hydrolyzes starch. d. portion of partially digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum. e. blockage that closes off the trachea to prevent choking.

b. portion of food swallowed at one time.

The major digestive work in the stomach is the initial breakdown of: a. starch. b. proteins. c. fat. d. vitamins. e. mucus.

b. proteins.

The liver: a. reabsorbs water and salts. b. secretes bile. c. churns food to chyme. d. performs enzymatic digestion. e. stores bile.

b. secretes bile.

Where does the digestion of proteins begin and end? a. begins in stomach; ends in pancreas b. begins in pancreas; ends in small intestine c. begins in stomach; ends in small intestine d. begins in small intestine; ends in liver e. begins in small intestine; ends in stomach

c. begins in stomach; ends in small intestine

Mucus in the stomach serves to: a. neutralize stomach acid. b. activate pepsinogen to pepsin. c. coat and protect stomach cells from gastric juices. d. emulsify fats. e. collect bacteria.

c. coat and protect stomach cells from gastric juices.

Another name for the digestive tract is the: a. urinary tract. b. exocrine system. c. gastrointestinal tract. d. muscular system. e. gastroesophageal system.

c. gastrointestinal tract.

Immediately before passing into the large intestine, the food mass must pass though the: a. pyloric sphincter. b. lower esophageal sphincter .c. ileocecal valve. d. bolus. e. colon.

c. ileocecal valve.

The microscopic hairs that cover the surface of each cell lining the small intestine are called: a. intestinal folds. b. villi. c. microvilli. d. lymphatics. e. chylomicrons.

c. microvilli.

Which enzyme breaks down starch in the mouth? a. lingual protease b. lipase c. salivary amylase d. gastric protease e. secretin

c. salivary amylase

The primary site of nutrient absorption is the: a. stomach. b. pancreas. c. small intestine. d. large intestine. e. mouth.

c. small intestine.

Saliva contains an enzyme that digests: a. proteins. b. minerals. c. starches. d. vitamins. e. fiber.

c. starches.

Fiber functions to: a. aid in the absorption of vitamins. b. produce GI bacteria. c. stimulate the GI tract muscles. d. stimulate the absorption of nutrients. e. increase water absorption by the digestive tract.

c. stimulate the GI tract muscles.

Chylomicrons are composed of: a. phospholipid, cholesterol, and lymph b. proteins, triglyceride, and water-soluble vitamins c. triglyceride, phospholipid, and proteins d. water-soluble vitamins, phospholipid, and cholesterol e. fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins, and proteins

c. triglyceride, phospholipid, and proteins

Which of the following contains no digestive enzymes? a. saliva b. gastric juice c. intestinal juice d. bile e. pancreatic juice

d. bile

Which nutrients must be broken down in order to be absorbed? a. vitamins, minerals, and water b. carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals c. fat, protein, and minerals d. carbohydrate, protein, and fat e. carbohydrate, fat, water

d. carbohydrate, protein, and fat

After digestion, lipids are packaged for transport as lipoproteins known as: a. HDL. b. VLDL. c. LDL .d. chylomicrons. e. triglycerides.

d. chylomicrons.

The stomach empties into the: a. ileum. b. cecum. c. jejunum. d. duodenum. e. colon.

d. duodenum.

During swallowing of food, which of the following prevents food from entering the lungs? a. lower esophageal sphincter b. pharynx c. ileocecal valve d. epiglottis e. appendix

d. epiglottis

Which organ does not contribute juices during digestion? a. salivary glands b. small intestine c. pancreas d. esophagus e. stomach

d. esophagus

After absorption, the larger fats and fat-soluble vitamins are first released into which transport system? a. excretory b. mesentery c. vascular d. lymphatic e. cardiovascular

d. lymphatic

Identify the correct order of the digestive tract from beginning to end. a. stomach, mouth, large intestine b. pharynx, rectum, stomach c. lower esophageal sphincter, esophagus, rectum d. mouth, stomach, anus e. pharynx, large intestine, pyloric sphincter

d. mouth, stomach, anus

After the pancreatic juices have mixed with chyme in the intestine, the resulting mixture is: a. very acidic. b. slightly acidic. c. strongly alkaline. d. slightly alkaline. e. none of the above.

d. slightly alkaline.

Peristalsis is a term that refers to the: a. circulation of blood in the blood vessels. b. absorption of nutrients in the intestines .c. mixing and moving of food through the lymphatic system. d. last phase of digestion. e. action of the involuntary muscles of the digestive tract.

e. action of the involuntary muscles of the digestive tract.

The emulsification of fat requires: a. biotin. b. enzymes. c. prostaglandins. d. intestinal flora. e. bile.

e. bile.

Which of the following is formed in the mouth? a. bile b. stomach acid c. chyme d. villus e. bolus

e. bolus

The main function of bile is to: a. stimulate vitamin-producing bacteria. b. stimulate the activity of protein digestive enzymes. c. neutralize the intestinal contents. d. decrease the acidity of the contents of the stomach. e. emulsify fats.

e. emulsify fats.

Which of the following does not secrete digestive juices? a. stomach b. pancreas c. salivary glands d. liver (via the gall bladder) e. large intestine

e. large intestine

The major digestive enzyme secreted by the stomach is: a. amylase. b. lipase.c . bile. d. disaccharidase. e. pepsin

e. pepsin

Bacteria in the GI tract perform all of the following functions except: a. producing biotin. b. protecting people from infection. c. producing vitamin K. d. breaking down fiber. e. producing bile.

e. producing bile.

The movement of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine is regulated by the: a. pancreas. b. lower esophageal sphincter. c. ileocecal valve. d. duodenum. e. pyloric sphincter.

e. pyloric sphincter.

Villi are part of the structure of the a. esophagus. b. stomach. c. colon. d. large intestine. e. small intestine.

e. small intestine.