orgnaizational theory chapter 3
Values change over the generations, evolving in response to historical contexts. Which of the following statements is true regarding values of different generations?
Generation Xers (born between the mid-1960s and 1980s) have to see a congruence between personal goals and organizational ones before they work toward company goals.
Which of the following statements regarding individual differences and ethics is true?
How we make attributions in a given situation will determine how we respond to others' actions.
Which of the following statements about attribution is correct?
If we make an external attribution to someone's goal achievement, we are less likely to reward the individual.
Which of the following statements regarding the universality of personality traits is correct?
In regions that suffered from infectious diseases, openness to experiences is less dominant.
Which of the following statements regarding the Big 5 personality traits is NOT true?
Individuals high in extraversion are model employees.
__________ is the degree to which a person is anxious, irritable, aggressive and moody.
Neuroticism
Which of the following statements about self-efficacy is INCORRECT?
People with high self-efficacy tend to procrastinate.
Which of the following statements about the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is INCORRECT?
The MBTI is a very effective tool to use in making selection decisions.
According to Rokeach, which of the following is not accurate about values?
Values are shaped late in life.
Which of the following statements about values is true?
Values are the result of accumulation of life experiences.
Which of the following statements about positive and negative affectivity is correct?
When negative affective people comprise a team, there tends to be less cooperation among members.
Low distinctiveness is characterized by
a person behaving this way in different situations.
Marissa always seems to know who to talk to in her organization to get things done. When her immediate supervisor seemed less than enthusiastic about her proposal, she made sure to mention it to the manager in another department who shared it with his boss. Marissa was just approached about implementing her proposal. Marissa seems to have
a proactive personality.
Which instrumental value might surveys find to be prevalent in Wall Street brokers?
ambition
People who exhibit the Big 5 personality characteristic of openness would be most likely to work in which of the following firms?
an entrepreneurial start-up in the high tech industry
To work effectively with an individual with a high level of negative affectivity,
ask them for specific examples of what the problem is.
Individuals with an internal locus of control
believe that what happens to them is their own doing.
Among the limitations associated with using personality tests in employee selection is
candidates faking their answers.
Which of the following is an instrumental value?
clean
Across a variety of occupations and jobs, what is the one personality trait that most uniformly predicts how high a person's performance will be?
conscientiousness
Sherri is creative, warm and caring. Person/job fit suggests one job she might be particularly effective at is
elementary school teacher.
Negative affective people
experience anxiety
In this scenario, given what you know about the referee's call, you could explain Bill's behavior as
external attribution.
When an incomplete figure appears on a sheet of paper, we are able to discern the entire figure because we
extrapolate from the information available to us.
People from Europe and the United States have higher levels of ___________ than that of Asia and Africa
extraversion
Which personality characteristic tends to lead to effectiveness in jobs with a lot of opportunities to interact with others?
extraversion
Empathy is to agreeableness as sociability is to ______________.
extraversion.
Choosing a job that offers health care as part of its benefit package over a position that pays more but has no such health care might reflect the job seeker's concern about
family security
Bill is the quarterback of his college football team. The team was 10-0, but lost this week after what Bill says was a very bad call by the referee. Bill seldom says anything about how the referees called any game, but he is very vocal about this one. You know that Bill works hard both on the field and off. You talk to other players on the team and they complain about the referee's call also. In the preceding story, both Bill and the other players expressed concern about the referee's call. This demonstrates
high consensus.
The fact that Bill seldom complains about the referees suggests he has
high distinctiveness.
John said, "If I just hadn't had that argument with my girlfriend last night, I wouldn't have been so upset and I would have done much better on my finance exam." John exhibits
high external locus of control.
Jennifer complains to her friends every Friday night about her job. Each week she tells them she is going to leave her company even though she has been working there for five years. Jennifer is likely to be
high in neuroticism.
__________ is a terminal value.
inner harmony
is the belief that a behavior is caused by the internal characteristics of a person.
internal attribution
In the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, what dimension describes those who derive their energy from inside?
introversion
When interviewing keep all of these pieces of advice in mind EXCEPT
it is not how you dress, but how confident you are that determines your success.
All of the following statements regarding personality testing in employee selection are correct EXCEPT
job interviewers are very adept at assessing conscientiousness in candidates, so the personality test is not really needed in employee selection.
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, what dimension describes those who would like to have clarity and closure?
judgement
Internal attribution occurs with
low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency.
Ned keeps saying to his coach, "I am really concerned that I won't be able to remember the plays when you put me in. Maybe you should play someone else." Ned seems to be demonstrating
low self-efficacy.
Lauren takes a personality survey and finds she strongly exhibits the trait of agreeableness. She might be described as being
nice, tolerant, sensitive and kind.
Maurice is described as "very curious. He has very original thoughts. He is a bright young man with a very creative flair." Maurice exhibits the personality trait of
openness.
Research on the interactionist perspective suggests
people who fit into their organization tend to be more satisfied with their jobs.
Which of the following is not a key factor in understanding what kind of attributions we make?
perception
degree to which a person's skill, knowledge, abilities and other characteristics match the job demands.
person/job fit
degree to which a person's values, personality, goals and other characteristics match those of the organization.
person/organization fit
The relatively stable feelings, thoughts, and behavioral patterns a person has is
personality
Hofstede found that countries differ on the equality or hierarchy among people or its
power distance
An applicant-matching software program would suggest which of the following personality traits would provide the best person/organization fit with a Wall Street firm?
risk taking
Early experiences are important influences over dominant values. If Sharon was raised by an aunt because her parents had both died when she was ten, she most likely would see what value as central to her life?
security
Which of the following is NOT a dimension by which individuals are grouped in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)?
seeing/hearing
Mike went to his friend Abe's house with Nick. When the pair returned to Mike's house, Nick said, "Mike, isn't Abe's cat the brightest orange cat you've ever seen?" Mike replied, "Nick to be honest, I didn't notice anything but Abe's dog. I'm afraid of dogs and wasn't sure if he would bother me or not." Mike exhibited
selective visual perception at Abe's house.
Beth, Ramon and Nandini just walked out of the office where they delivered a mock commercial for a proposed client's cereal. Beth says to her co-presenters, "I'm so sorry I messed up during the presentation. I really did not mean to put up the slide with last year's cereal box on it instead of the one for this year. I know we won't get the account now, and it's all my fault." Beth is exhibiting
self-effacement bias.
the tendency to overestimate our performance and capabilities and see ourselves in a more positive light than others see us
self-enhancement bias.
the degree to which a person has overall positive feelings about him or herself.
self-esteem
The professor announced the first day of class: "Students are not good at meeting deadlines. I guarantee you that someone will email me the day after a due date and ask if I will accept a paper for partial credit." Yesterday the first paper was due in the professor's class. He just checked his email and a student inquired whether the paper could be turned in for partial credit today. This is an example of
self-fulfilling prophecy.
the extent to which a person is capable of monitoring his/her actions and appearance in social situations.
self-monitoring
The car was traveling very slowly on the highway in front of Ned. He turned to Sally and said, "This is ridiculous, we are never going to get there on time. That must be a woman driver in front of us!" Ned is engaging in
stereotyping
High social monitors
tend to be more successful in their careers.
All of the following are accurate about those with a proactive personality EXCEPT
they often have difficulty making friends.
Removing your hat during the playing of The National Anthem in the United States is an example of the value of ________________.
tradition
refer to stable life goals people have, reflecting what is most important to them.
values
Study findings on personality indicate
we are more emotionally stable and more organized between the ages of 20 and 40.
Findings of person/organization fit studies indicate
when people fit their organization, they are more committed to the organization.
Which of the following is NOT a sound piece of advice to help build your self-confidence?
Act confident only when you feel confident.
Which of the following statements is true with regard to research on individual differences?
Agreeable people are less likely to engage in change-oriented communication.
Which of the following statements about the personality trait agreeableness is FALSE?
All occupations look to hire people who are high in agreeableness.
Which of the following statements regarding first impressions is INCORRECT?
First impressions are fleeting impressions.
