Chapter 2 Practice Quizzes

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that

there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

The scientific process is ____, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning

ciruclar

___ means that there is a relationship between two or more variable

correlation

Which of the following is a scientific way of determining facts?

empirical studies

A sample that ________ is most likely to yield generalizable results.

is large and randomly selected

The Tuskegee Syphilis Study was ethically problematic because

participants were not allowed to seek available treatment

Simply expecting something to happen can make it happen. This describes

placebo effect

a ____ is a graphical view of the strength and direction of a correlation

scatterplot

A(n) __ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena

theory

Which of the following represents a weak positive correlation? +0.2 0 -0.9 +0.9

+0.2

Which of the following represents a strong negative correlation? +0.9 -0.9 +0.2 -0.2

-0.9

Magali and Jean-Gabriel have been asked to design a study investigating happiness across the lifespan. They decide their study will involve going to the mall and asking people of a variety of ages if they are happy or unhappy. What is the most serious flaw of this design?

They have not defined happiness or how it will be measured

The possible range for a correlation coefficient is

between -1 and +1

Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of ________.

confirmation bias

A(n) ___ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship

confounding variable

The ___ variable measures effects of the independent variable

dependent

A major advantage of case studies is

detailed information

Peer reviews ___

help ensure quality control in reporting scientific findings

The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of

illusory correlation

The ________ is controlled by the experimenter

independ

A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.

longitudinal

___ refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result

reliability

Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called ________.

replication

___ refers to the ability of an instrument or tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure

validity

Which of the following would be difficult to assess using empirical research?

whether the id, ego, or superego is most responsible for emotional reactions