Chapter 2 Pre-Test

Of the following, which is NOT one of the stages of the general adaptation syndrome?

Compensation

Dr. Rolls is conducting a research study. She wants to measure the connectivity in the research participants' brains by imaging their white matter. Which of the following methods will she use?

DTI

If you touch a hot stove, your spinal cord can prompt you to withdraw your hand without having to send the message all the way to the brain. This is due to what scientists call?

The reflex arc

Which of the following techniques analyzes blood oxygen levels to examine the functioning of the brain?

fMRI

Which neurotransmitter stimulates muscle cells to contract but slows contractions in the heart?

Acetylcholine

What is the process whereby the structure and function of brain cells change in response to trauma, damage, or even learning?

Afferent neurons

Heroin mimics the actions of endorphins, inhibiting pain signals and creating a "high" feeling. Heroin is an example of an?

Agonist

The venom of a black widow spider acts like a(n) ___ mimicking the effects of acetylcholine.

Agonist

If you were to develop a rare condition in which you were not able to remember to be afraid of certain situations, animals, or events, which part of the brain would most likely be damaged?

Amygdala

Involuntary muscles are controlled by the ____ nervous system

Autonamic

Which part of the neuron carries messages to other cells?

Axon

Alexis and Theresa are synchronized swimmers for their college swim team. They often work long hours to ensure the movements in their routine are perfectly timed. What part of their brains must Alexis and Theresa rely most upon?

Cerebellum

If your roommate has a problem paying attention, it may be due to damage to this part of the limbic system.

Cingulate cortex

What part of the brain can sometimes be referred to a the "rind" or outer covering?

Cortex

In the structure of the neuron, the ___ receives messages.

Dendrite

If you were suffering from neurological problems and your neurologist wanted to have a study done of your brain and its electrical functioning, which of the following techniques would involve placing metal or sponge-like electrodes directly onto your scalp?

EEG

Which of the following techniques involves passing a mild current through the brain to activate certain structures without damaging them, and has become an important technique is psychology?

ESB

Which of the following is associated with pain relief?

Endorphins

In which of Selye's stages is death a possible outcome?

Exhaustion

Which one of the following is NOT a function of glial cells?

Generating action potentials

Which part of the brain is involved in the creation of memories and is often linked of Alzhimer's disease?

Hippocampus

When a neuron is in resting state, the neuron is negatively charged on the ____ and positively charged on the ____.

Inside; outside

Jaime's grandfather recently suffered a stroke and has had difficulty with language production ever since. Most likely, he has experienced damage to the ___ area of his brain.

Left Frontal

Yvonne's ability to reach for and pick up her book is largely due to the functions of the ____ pathway of the ____ nervous system.

Motor; somatic

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells generate a fatty substance known as?

Myelin

Which of the following may surround a neuron's axon, as well as help to speed along electrical impulses?

Myeline sheath

Part of the human immune system is the presence of ____ cells, whose primary function is to suppress viruses and destroy tumor cells.

Natural Killer

When a neuron's resting potential is occurring, the neuron is ____ charged on the inside.

Negatively

Bailey is a subject in a study on memory and problem solving. The researcher is applying magnetic pulses to her brain through copper wire coils positioned directly above her scalp. Bailey's study would best be described as a(n)?

Noninvasive stimulation technique

Your friend Melissa has suffered from diabetes for her entire life. She regularly tests her blood to make sure her sugar levels are not too high or low. Which gland in her endocrine system is responsible for regulating her blood sugar?

Pancreas

As you take notes, your heart beats at a normal rate. Your breathing is normal and your stomach slowly digests you earlier meal. What division of the peripheral nervous system is currently in action?

Parasympathetic

The ability to detect changes in temperature, pressure, and body position is due in part to the functions of the ____ lobe.

Parietal

Robert has had difficulty sleeping for the past 6 months and his body seemingly no longer differentiates between night and day. His doctor believes the problem lies with Robert's endocrine system. What gland will Robert's physician focus on?

Pineal

Which gland(s) is/are known to influence all other glands within the endocrine system?

Pituitary gland

Maria often sleeps soundly and rarely awakens to any outside noise. However, the cries of Maria's baby can awaken her immediately. What part of the brain is responsible for this reaction?

Reticular Formation

Which part of the brain tends to process information globally?

Right hemisphere

Although the brain works largely as a whole, which of the following is not a correct pairing of hemisphere and function?

Right; control of right-handed motor functions

Which of the following would be active if you have just had an automobile accident?

Sympathetic division

Neurotransmitters must pass from an axon terminal to the next dendrite by crossing a fluid-filled space called the?

Synaptic gap

Your psychology professor refers to this as the great sensory relay station of the brain. What part is he or she referring to?

Thalamus

Andrew has always been thin. In fact, he often seems to be able to eat whatever he wants without gaining weight. The doctor told his parents that Andrew's ___ gland is the cause of his fast metabolism.

Thyroid

Jessica has suffered a severe blow to the back of her head when she was thrown form her horse. Subsequently, her occipital lobe has been injured. Which of her senses has the highest chance of being affected?

Vision

Felicia is recovering from a brain injury. She is able to speak fluently but often uses incorrect words in a sentence. In one instance at a friend's birthday party, she said "I would like something to drink. Can I have some battery?" Felicia's problem is known as?

Wernicke's aphasia