chapter 2-P.S.

The idea that political power ultimately rests with the people is a core part of the concept of

legitimacy

According to Jean Bodin, sovereignty is not without limits. Which of the following can limit a leader's practice of sovereignty?

natural law

When Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935, the League of Nations

placed sanctions on Italy, but those sanctions were not enforced.

The nationalist reaction to economic and political globalization that became prominent in the mid-2010s is known as

populism

Legitimacy

rests on the people rather then monarchs and leader

In the balance of power in Europe following the Napoleonic Wars, which state played the role of "builder of alliances"?

russia

Napoleon's army was defeated after invading which country?

russia

The authority of a state to govern matters within its own borders free from external interference is known as

sovereignty

The idea behind the balance of power is that

states are less likely to go to war when their power is relatively symmetrical to that of their adversaries.

Sovereignty

supreme power or authority

When Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990,

the Soviet Union/Russia supported a military UN mission to remove Iraq from Kuwait

Cold War

the power struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II

What does the period immediately following the Treaties of Westphalia represent to the study of international relations?

the rise of secular authority

In 2014, the Russian Federation invaded

ukraine

The New Millennium

-9/11 caused Homeland Security to be created -International financial crisis devastated the world economy—the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. -Arab Spring

The Aftermath of World War II

-Massive human rights violations, particularly genocide, leading to creation of the Geneva Conventions -First use of nuclear weapons technology -Emergence of two superpowers: the United States and the Soviet Union -United Nations

Treaties of Westphalia

-two treaties in 1648 that ended the Thirty Years' War and created the modern international system -Treaties ending the Thirty Years War in Europe in 1648; in international relations represents the beginning of state sovereignty within a territorial space

In which countries did the Islamic State control large swaths of territory at the height of its power in 2016?

Iraq and Syria

At the height of colonialism, __________ was one of the only Asian countries that was not under direct European or U.S. influence.

Japan

End of the Cold War

Marked by the fall of the Soviet Union which was the result of Eastern European countries gaining independence, Gorbachev's reform policies, and a series of nuclear limitation treaties.

Solidification of Alliances

Triple Alliance forms, 1882 (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy). Dual Alliance counters, 1893 (France, Russia). Entente Cordiale forms, 1904 (Britain, France). BECAUSE OF WW1

Nationalism

a people comes to identify with a common past, language, customs, and territory

The Congress of Berlin in 1855 divided __________ between the major powers.

africa

the strategic idea held during the Cold War that aimed to protect the status quo from further Soviet expansion is known as

containment

In the nineteenth century, under the balance-of-power system, states formed alliances on what basis?

counteracting powerful factions

__________ is the annexation of distant territory and its inhabitants to an empire.

imperialism

During the Cold War, the alliance between the United States and the Western European powers was known as the __________ and the alliance between the Soviet Union and east European powers was known as the __________.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Warsaw Pact

Balance of Power

-States with relatively equal power offset concentrations of power to prevent the emergence of hegemonies or hegemonic blocks. -When one state or coalition of states is much more powerful than others (asymmetrical balance), war is likely. -Less powerful states form alliances to counteract more powerful states.

The Immediate Post-Cold War Era

-The United States becomes the world's biggest military and economic power, while Russia rebuilds after economic and political collapse. -Increased ethnic conflict: Yugoslavia disintegrates into independent states, and the United Nations and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) respond.

Which countries made up the Concert of Europe in the nineteenth century?

Austria, Britain, France, Prussia, and Russia