Chapter 20 Anatomy

All of the answers are correct.

A heart murmur might be caused by

QRS complex

Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the________ in an ECG tracing.

beta-one

Activation of which kind of receptor causes heart rate to increase?

Starlings

An increase in end-diastolic volume increases the stroke volume" is a way of stating________ law of the heart.

both decrease heart rate and decrease pressure.

An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will trigger a reflex

stroke volume.

Analysis of the electrocardiogram can reveal all of the following except

All of the above

Cardiac cells damage by infraction will show which of the following

Cardiac muscle cells lack transverse tubules

Cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles differ in a few ways

decreasing ejection fraction.

Cardiac output can be increased by all of the following except

sympathetic stimulation.

Cardiac output is increased by

pumps a greater volume.

Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except

Aortic pressure is higher than ventricular pressure and the ventricle must pressurize the blood to open the aortic valve.

Considering the left ventricle, why does isovolumetric ventricular contraction occur during ventricular systole?

Prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the aorta

Contractions of the papillary muscles

Right atrium

Coronary veins empty into the

P wave.

Depolarization of the atria corresponds to the EKGs

QRS complex.

Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the

All of the answers are correct.

Drugs known as calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine can be used to

decrease heart rate.

Drugs that block the beta-one adrenergic receptors will

both repolarizing and relaxing.

During the T wave of the electrocardiogram, the ventricles are

AV valves are closed.

During ventricular systole, the

parasympathetic stimulation.

Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output except increased

All of the answers

Intercalated discs swerve to transfer blank from cell to cell

The refractory period lasts until the muscles relaxes

Tetanus muscle contractions don't occur in normal cardiac muscles because

depolarization of the atria.

The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from

ventricular repolarization.

The T wave on an ECG tracing represents

bicuspid

The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium.

In one direction only

The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow

between the left atrium and left ventricle.

The bicuspid or mitral valve is located

Coronary arteries

The blank delivers blood into the myocardium

left coronary artery.

The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the

All of the following

The connective tissue fibers of the myocardium

Marks the border between the atria and ventricles

The coronary sulcus is the a groove that

Chordae tendinae

The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to

coronary

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.

closing of the atrioventricular valves.

The first heart sound is associated with

AV valves close.

The first heart sound is heard when the

5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?

interatrial septum.

The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the

collect blood then pump it to the ventricle.

The function of an atrium is to

coronary sinus.

The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the

both parasympathetic and sympathetic

The heart is innervated by ________ nerves.

A mans clenched fist

The heart is roughly the size of

All of the above

The interventricular dulcimer and coronary sulcus

Aorta

The left ventricle pumps blood to

calcium channels remaining open.

The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to

right coronary artery.

The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the

the sinoatrial node.

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in

systolic ejection phase.

The phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the

lungs.

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

right ventricle.

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the

heart.

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the

All of the following

The right atrium receives blood from

oxygenated; left atrium

The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________.

Right and left lungs

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

Foramen ovale

The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the

370 msec.

The systolic part (both atrial and ventricular) of a cardiac cycle lasts, on average,

Cardiac tamponade

The term is used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement

right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left atrium

Which of the following are involved in the pulmonary circuit?

Apex of heart

Which of the following descriptions matched the term near the fifth intercostal space

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is true about the atrial reflex?

when diastolic blood pressure is decreased

Which of the following would cause stroke volume to increase?

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following would increase heart rate?

blood pressure increases.

With each ventricular systole,

Both parts of the statement are true.

controls parasympathetic neurons.

Open

When the semilunar valves close the AV valves then

Efferent; afferent

Artery is to _______ as vein is to __________

tetany.

As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit

Conus arteriosus

As blood leaves the right ventricle it passes through the blank and then into the pulmonary trunk

1 second.

At a heart rate of 60 beats/minute, a cardiac cycle lasts

Tricuspid

Blood flowing into the heart fork venae cavae flows through the blank valve

left coronary artery.

Blood is supplied to the muscular wall of the left atrium by the

the coronary arteries.

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by

Pulmonary valve

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the

Left atrium

Blood returning to the heart from pulmonary circuit first enters the

Right atrium

Blood returning to the heart from the systematic circuit first enters the

Pericardial cavity

Excess fluid in the blank causes cardiac tamponade

8,000

Heart beats approximately liters a day

100,000

Heart beats approximately times a day

medulla oblongata.

Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the

Mediastinum

I'm the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the

the ventricles will beat more slowly.

If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked,

heart rate will decrease and cells will hyperpolarize.

If the pacemaker cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions, the

The rate of P waves will be faster than the rate of QRS complexes.

If there is a complete block between the SA node and the AV node, how would the ECG be affected?

about 20 percent of the calcium ion required for contraction comes from outside the cell.

In cardiac muscle,

increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.

In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of

Open the pericardial sac

In order to perform a coronary artery bypass graft a cardiac surgeon must

Cardiac muscle cells

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of

can spontaneously depolarize.

Pacemaker cells in the SA node

80-100

Pacemaker cells isolated from the SA node generate action potentials at ________ beats per minute.

All of the following

Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in

All of the answers are correct.

Stroke volume depends on

Epicardium

The visceral pericardium is the same as the

stroke volume.

The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the

Auricle

The warlike extensions of the atrium

Four

There are blank pulmonary veins

Coronary thrombosis

When a blood clot forms in a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery the condition is referred too

Decreases

When the left ventricle contracts the diameter of the ventricular chamber

Decreases

When the left ventricle contracts the distance from the apex to the base

Bradycardia; tachycardia

________ is to slow heart rate as ________ is to fast heart rate.