Chapter 20- Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessel and Circulation

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Which of the following factors assists in the return of venous blood to the heart? (1) arterial dilation (2) valves in the veins (3) sympathetic stimulation (4) compression of veins by muscular movements

2, 3, 4

If someone has a blood pressure reading of 110/70 mm Hg, their pulse pressure would be

40 mm Hg

The hepatic portal system

All of these choice are correct.

Which of the following happens when a person stands in one place for a long period of time?

All of these choices are correct.

when contrasting arteries and veins, which of the following statements is true?

Arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins

When there is a drop in blood pressure, the body reacts immediately by way of the

baroreceptor mechanism

Baron von Quacko, famous tag-team wrestler, has a famous "sleeper hold" that he uses on his opponents. Using only a single digit on each hand, he presses on his opponent's neck until his opponent passes out. What are the structures on which he is pressing and what is the effect?

baroreceptors in carotid sinus; peripheral vasodilation and decreased heart rate

The diagram illustrates a part of a capillary. what does "D" represent?

basement membrane

Which of the following veins is a superficial vein?

basilic vein

A force that attracts fluid into the capillary from the tissue spaces is

blood colloid osmotic pressure

A force that causes the movement of fluid out of the capillary is

blood pressure

Which of the following are components of the hepatic portal system?

both the gastric vein and the inferior mesenteric vein

a thrombus in the first branch (not including coronary arteries) off of the aortic arch might affect the flow of blood to which of the following structures?

both the right arm and the right side of the brain

On this diagram label pulse point "B".

brachial artery

Tracing the blood from the heart to the right hand, blood leaves the heart, passes through the ascending aorta, aortic arch, right subclavian artery, axillary and branchial arteries, either the radial or ulnar arteries and palmar arches to arrive at the hand. Which artery is missing in this sequence?

brachiocephalic

Which of the following arteries branches directly from the aortic arch?

brachiocephalic artery

The internal jugular veins join the subclavian veins to form the

brachiocephalic veins

In which of the following clinical situations would you expect edema?

burns (which result in increased capillary permeability to plasma proteins)

Edema can occur when there is

a blockage of the lymphatics

Which of the following would increase resistance to blood flow?

a decrease in the radius of the vessel

when blood pressure is greater than the blood colloid osmotic pressure, there is

a net movement of fluid into the capillary

An obstruction in the inferior vena cava would hamper the return of blood from the

abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs

The exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of

capillaries

The diagram illustrates a part of a capillary. What does "A" represent?

capillary endothelial cell

The structure of a capillary wall differs from that of a vein or artery because

capillary walls have only endothelium and a basement membrane

Hormones from the adrenal medulla

causes an increase in stroke volume

Angiotensin II

causes vasoconstriction

Epinephrine

causes vasodilation of coronary blood vessels

Which of the following arteries sends branches to the stomach and liver?

celiac artery

A vein responsible for draining blood from the upper limb is the

cephalic vein

On this diagram label pulse point "A".

common carotid artery

The abdominal aorta divides at L5 to form the two

common iliac arteries

Distributing arteries

contain a thick tunica media

Precapillary sphincters

control the blood flow into capillary beds

The first blood vessels that branch from the ascending aorta are the

coronary arteries

Which of the following would lead to relaxation of the precapillary sphincter?

decreased oxygen levels in tissue cells served by the capillary

Atherosclerosis is the

deposition of plaques in arterial walls

The anterior tibial artery becomes the

dorsalis pedis artery

According to Poiseuille's law, a small decrease in the diameter of a vessel will

dramatically decrease blood flow

Which vein drains blood from the left side of the thorax and esophagus into the left brachiocephalic vein?

hemiazygos vein

when vein drains blood from the left side of the thorax and esophagus into the left brachiocephalic vein?

hemiazygos vein

In which of the following would you detect a weak pulse?

hemorrhagic shock

The _____ begins with capillaries in the abdominal viscera and ends with capillaries in the liver.

hepatic portal system

According to Poiseuille's law,

if resistance increases, flow decreases

Systemic circulation

includes the aorta and all of its branches

Arteriosclerosis results in decreased compliance, which in turn causes the pulse pressure to

increase

Increased pressure in the aortic arch will activate the baroreceptor reflex and cause

increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart

The barorecptor reflex would cause which of the following events to occur if the reflex was caused by an increase in blood pressure?

increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart

A thrombus in the second branch (not including coronary arteries) off of the aortic arch would affect the flow of blood to the

left side of the head and neck

Which of the following sequences is correct?

liver sinusoid, central vein, hepatic vein

Veins

may contain valves and are lined with endothelium

Blood pressure is the

measure of force blood exerts against vessel walls

Which vessel is often used to draw blood from a patient?

median cubital vein

Which of the following veins is NOT involved in drainage blood from the arm?

median cubital wein

Where is the vasomotor center located?

medulla oblongata

The figure illustrates the capillary network. What does "C" represent?

metarteriole

The greater the compliance the

more easily the vessel wall stretches

The diagram illustrates a part of a capillary. What does "E" represent?

nucleus of endothelial cell

In a capillary bed, relaxation of the precapillary sphincter

occurs when the tissue in the area needs more oxygen

On this diagram label pulse point "E".

popliteal artery

The posterior tibial artery is a continuation of the

popliteal artery

Which type of veins connect two primary capillary networks?

portal veins

Which of the following arteries is not part of the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)?

posterior cerebellar artery

The diagram illustrates a part of a capillary. What does "B" represent?

precapillary cell

The figure illustrates the capillary network. What does "E" represent?

precapillary sphincter

Blood is moved through the vascular system by

pressure gradients created by the heart

Capillary walls serve as effective permeability barriers for

proteins

In the pulmonary circulation, the ______ carry blood to the lungs.

pulmonary arteries

On this diagram label pulse point "C".

radial artery

Which function does the circulatory system share with the heart?

regulates blood pressure

Which of the following events would cause a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure?

release of atrial natriuretic factor

The auscultatory method of measuring blood pressure

relies on hearing Korotkoff sounds through a stethoscope

The kidneys are supplied by the

renal arteries

Which of the following best describes arteries?

strong, elastic vessels that carry blood under high pressure

The three major arteries of the upper limb that form a continuum are the

subclavian, axillary, and brachial arteries

What artery supplies the small intestine, cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon?

superior mesenteric artery

The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of the splenic vein and the

superior mesenteric vein

Which of the following blood vessels supplies blood to the diaphragm?

superior phrenic artery

Veins that return blood directly to the heart include the

superior vena cava

Resistance in the cardiovascular system

tends to increase if blood viscosity increases

In the aorta,

the blood pressure and blood velocity are both high

Because of the baroreceptor reflex, when normal arterial blood pressure decreases

the frequency of afferent action potentials from baroreceptors decreases

Which of the following thoracic organs is supplied by a parietal branch of the thoracic aorta?

the intercostal muscles

As viscosity of the blood increases,

the pressure required to force it to flow increases

In response to circulatory shock,

the renin-angiotensin mechanism is activated

Which of the following enhances the exchange between capillary walls and the interstitial spaces?

the thinness of the capillary wall

Capillaries have the slowest velocity because

the total cross-sectional area is the largest.

Which of the following acts as a storage area for blood?

the veins

Arteriosclerosis is characterized by

thickening of the tunica intima and loss of elasticity in the tunica media

The azygos vein drains blood from the _____ into the superior vena cava.

thorax

The figure illustrates the capillary network. What does "D" represent?

thoroughfare channel

what kind of vessel provides a bypass from a capillary bed?

thoroughfare channel

Which coat of an artery contains endothelium?

tunica intima

Arteries can constrict or dilate as needed because of the smooth muscle found in the

tunica media

Which of the following is NOT a major point where the pulse can be monitored?

ulnar artery

the visceral branches of the internal iliac arteries supply blood to the

urinary bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs

Valves similar to the semilunar valves of the heart are found in medium and large

veins

Which type of vessel has the greatest compliance?

veins

In which type of blood vessels is the blood pressure the lowest?

vena cavas

The figure illustrates the capillary network. What does "A" represent?

venous capillaries

The chemoreceptor reflexes help maintain homeostasis

when carbon dioxide levels increase

When measuring blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer, which of the following best describes when blood flow in the brachial artery is turbulent?

when pressure in the brachial artery is greater than in the blood pressure cuff and greater than the diastolic pressure

Which of the following chemical substances, when released into the blood, would cause blood pressure to decrease?

atrial natriuretic hormone

The longest vein in the body is the

great saphenous vein

Which of the following hormones does NOT influence blood pressure?

growth hormone

Continuous capillaries

have a wall where the endothelial cells fit very tightly together

Increased venous tone will

help return blood to the heart

When blood pressure increases, a number of events occur that return blood pressure to normal. Which of the following is one of the events that occur after an increase in blood pressure?

Baroreceptors are stimulated.

Which of the following statements regarding regulation of local blood flow is true?

Increased metabolic rate in a tissue increases capillary blood flow into the tissue

In capillary exchange, which of the following statements is true?

Most fluid that leaves the arterial end of a capillary reenters the venous end of a capillary

The diagram illustrates a part of a capillary. What does "C" represent?

RBC

Which of the following statements about laminar blood flow is true?

The outermost layer of blood experiences the greatest resistance to flow.

Which of the following statements concerning blood vessel walls is true?

The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall

Which statement about precapillary sphincters is CORRECT?

They can close off the capillaries by contracting.

Which statement is CORRECT?

Veins contain valves and arteries do not.

Which of the following would occur as a result of increased vein release by the kidneys?

an increase in blood volume

Peripheral chemoreceptors

are located in the aortic and carotid bodies

The vasa vasorum

are special capillaries that supply nutrients to the walls of arteries and veins

The figure illustrates the capillary network. What does "B" represent?

arterial capillaries

Resistance to blood flow is greatest in

arterioles

A direct connection between an arteriole and a venule without an intervening capillary bed is a(n)

arteriovenous anastomosis

What is the order of the blood vessels that a red blood cell would pas through as the blood leaves the heart, travels to a tissue, and then returns to the heart?

artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein

Blood from the posterior abdominal wall drains into the

ascending lumbar veins

The lining of a capillary is called the

edothelium

What creates the pulse?

ejection of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta

The blood vessels that are under the greatest pressure are the

elastic arteries

From the heart to body tissues, which of the following sequences of vessels is correct?

elastic artery, muscular artery, arteriole, capillary

Vasomotor tone can be increased by

emotional excitement

On this diagram label pulse point "D".

femoral artery

As the popliteal vein ascends the leg, it becomes the

femoral vein

One of the best ways to determine the adequacy of peripheral circulation is to check the pedal pulses. To check the pedal pulse you would check the pulse in the

foot

Systemic blood vessels transport blood

from the left ventricle through the body to the right atrium

According to the Laplace's Law, as the diameter of a blood vessel increases, the force applied to the wall of that vessel

increases

A blood pressure reading of 120/80 would

indicate a systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg

Which of the following arteries is part of a circulatory pathway to the brain?

internal carotid artery

The venous sinuses in the cranial cavity drain blood into the

internal jugular vein

The velocity of blood flow inside a blood vessel

is faster in the center of the blood vessel

Atrial natriuretic factor

is released in response to elevated atrial pressure


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