Chapter 20- Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessel and Circulation
Which of the following factors assists in the return of venous blood to the heart? (1) arterial dilation (2) valves in the veins (3) sympathetic stimulation (4) compression of veins by muscular movements
2, 3, 4
If someone has a blood pressure reading of 110/70 mm Hg, their pulse pressure would be
40 mm Hg
The hepatic portal system
All of these choice are correct.
Which of the following happens when a person stands in one place for a long period of time?
All of these choices are correct.
when contrasting arteries and veins, which of the following statements is true?
Arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins
When there is a drop in blood pressure, the body reacts immediately by way of the
baroreceptor mechanism
Baron von Quacko, famous tag-team wrestler, has a famous "sleeper hold" that he uses on his opponents. Using only a single digit on each hand, he presses on his opponent's neck until his opponent passes out. What are the structures on which he is pressing and what is the effect?
baroreceptors in carotid sinus; peripheral vasodilation and decreased heart rate
The diagram illustrates a part of a capillary. what does "D" represent?
basement membrane
Which of the following veins is a superficial vein?
basilic vein
A force that attracts fluid into the capillary from the tissue spaces is
blood colloid osmotic pressure
A force that causes the movement of fluid out of the capillary is
blood pressure
Which of the following are components of the hepatic portal system?
both the gastric vein and the inferior mesenteric vein
a thrombus in the first branch (not including coronary arteries) off of the aortic arch might affect the flow of blood to which of the following structures?
both the right arm and the right side of the brain
On this diagram label pulse point "B".
brachial artery
Tracing the blood from the heart to the right hand, blood leaves the heart, passes through the ascending aorta, aortic arch, right subclavian artery, axillary and branchial arteries, either the radial or ulnar arteries and palmar arches to arrive at the hand. Which artery is missing in this sequence?
brachiocephalic
Which of the following arteries branches directly from the aortic arch?
brachiocephalic artery
The internal jugular veins join the subclavian veins to form the
brachiocephalic veins
In which of the following clinical situations would you expect edema?
burns (which result in increased capillary permeability to plasma proteins)
Edema can occur when there is
a blockage of the lymphatics
Which of the following would increase resistance to blood flow?
a decrease in the radius of the vessel
when blood pressure is greater than the blood colloid osmotic pressure, there is
a net movement of fluid into the capillary
An obstruction in the inferior vena cava would hamper the return of blood from the
abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs
The exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of
capillaries
The diagram illustrates a part of a capillary. What does "A" represent?
capillary endothelial cell
The structure of a capillary wall differs from that of a vein or artery because
capillary walls have only endothelium and a basement membrane
Hormones from the adrenal medulla
causes an increase in stroke volume
Angiotensin II
causes vasoconstriction
Epinephrine
causes vasodilation of coronary blood vessels
Which of the following arteries sends branches to the stomach and liver?
celiac artery
A vein responsible for draining blood from the upper limb is the
cephalic vein
On this diagram label pulse point "A".
common carotid artery
The abdominal aorta divides at L5 to form the two
common iliac arteries
Distributing arteries
contain a thick tunica media
Precapillary sphincters
control the blood flow into capillary beds
The first blood vessels that branch from the ascending aorta are the
coronary arteries
Which of the following would lead to relaxation of the precapillary sphincter?
decreased oxygen levels in tissue cells served by the capillary
Atherosclerosis is the
deposition of plaques in arterial walls
The anterior tibial artery becomes the
dorsalis pedis artery
According to Poiseuille's law, a small decrease in the diameter of a vessel will
dramatically decrease blood flow
Which vein drains blood from the left side of the thorax and esophagus into the left brachiocephalic vein?
hemiazygos vein
when vein drains blood from the left side of the thorax and esophagus into the left brachiocephalic vein?
hemiazygos vein
In which of the following would you detect a weak pulse?
hemorrhagic shock
The _____ begins with capillaries in the abdominal viscera and ends with capillaries in the liver.
hepatic portal system
According to Poiseuille's law,
if resistance increases, flow decreases
Systemic circulation
includes the aorta and all of its branches
Arteriosclerosis results in decreased compliance, which in turn causes the pulse pressure to
increase
Increased pressure in the aortic arch will activate the baroreceptor reflex and cause
increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
The barorecptor reflex would cause which of the following events to occur if the reflex was caused by an increase in blood pressure?
increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
A thrombus in the second branch (not including coronary arteries) off of the aortic arch would affect the flow of blood to the
left side of the head and neck
Which of the following sequences is correct?
liver sinusoid, central vein, hepatic vein
Veins
may contain valves and are lined with endothelium
Blood pressure is the
measure of force blood exerts against vessel walls
Which vessel is often used to draw blood from a patient?
median cubital vein
Which of the following veins is NOT involved in drainage blood from the arm?
median cubital wein
Where is the vasomotor center located?
medulla oblongata
The figure illustrates the capillary network. What does "C" represent?
metarteriole
The greater the compliance the
more easily the vessel wall stretches
The diagram illustrates a part of a capillary. What does "E" represent?
nucleus of endothelial cell
In a capillary bed, relaxation of the precapillary sphincter
occurs when the tissue in the area needs more oxygen
On this diagram label pulse point "E".
popliteal artery
The posterior tibial artery is a continuation of the
popliteal artery
Which type of veins connect two primary capillary networks?
portal veins
Which of the following arteries is not part of the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)?
posterior cerebellar artery
The diagram illustrates a part of a capillary. What does "B" represent?
precapillary cell
The figure illustrates the capillary network. What does "E" represent?
precapillary sphincter
Blood is moved through the vascular system by
pressure gradients created by the heart
Capillary walls serve as effective permeability barriers for
proteins
In the pulmonary circulation, the ______ carry blood to the lungs.
pulmonary arteries
On this diagram label pulse point "C".
radial artery
Which function does the circulatory system share with the heart?
regulates blood pressure
Which of the following events would cause a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure?
release of atrial natriuretic factor
The auscultatory method of measuring blood pressure
relies on hearing Korotkoff sounds through a stethoscope
The kidneys are supplied by the
renal arteries
Which of the following best describes arteries?
strong, elastic vessels that carry blood under high pressure
The three major arteries of the upper limb that form a continuum are the
subclavian, axillary, and brachial arteries
What artery supplies the small intestine, cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon?
superior mesenteric artery
The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of the splenic vein and the
superior mesenteric vein
Which of the following blood vessels supplies blood to the diaphragm?
superior phrenic artery
Veins that return blood directly to the heart include the
superior vena cava
Resistance in the cardiovascular system
tends to increase if blood viscosity increases
In the aorta,
the blood pressure and blood velocity are both high
Because of the baroreceptor reflex, when normal arterial blood pressure decreases
the frequency of afferent action potentials from baroreceptors decreases
Which of the following thoracic organs is supplied by a parietal branch of the thoracic aorta?
the intercostal muscles
As viscosity of the blood increases,
the pressure required to force it to flow increases
In response to circulatory shock,
the renin-angiotensin mechanism is activated
Which of the following enhances the exchange between capillary walls and the interstitial spaces?
the thinness of the capillary wall
Capillaries have the slowest velocity because
the total cross-sectional area is the largest.
Which of the following acts as a storage area for blood?
the veins
Arteriosclerosis is characterized by
thickening of the tunica intima and loss of elasticity in the tunica media
The azygos vein drains blood from the _____ into the superior vena cava.
thorax
The figure illustrates the capillary network. What does "D" represent?
thoroughfare channel
what kind of vessel provides a bypass from a capillary bed?
thoroughfare channel
Which coat of an artery contains endothelium?
tunica intima
Arteries can constrict or dilate as needed because of the smooth muscle found in the
tunica media
Which of the following is NOT a major point where the pulse can be monitored?
ulnar artery
the visceral branches of the internal iliac arteries supply blood to the
urinary bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs
Valves similar to the semilunar valves of the heart are found in medium and large
veins
Which type of vessel has the greatest compliance?
veins
In which type of blood vessels is the blood pressure the lowest?
vena cavas
The figure illustrates the capillary network. What does "A" represent?
venous capillaries
The chemoreceptor reflexes help maintain homeostasis
when carbon dioxide levels increase
When measuring blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer, which of the following best describes when blood flow in the brachial artery is turbulent?
when pressure in the brachial artery is greater than in the blood pressure cuff and greater than the diastolic pressure
Which of the following chemical substances, when released into the blood, would cause blood pressure to decrease?
atrial natriuretic hormone
The longest vein in the body is the
great saphenous vein
Which of the following hormones does NOT influence blood pressure?
growth hormone
Continuous capillaries
have a wall where the endothelial cells fit very tightly together
Increased venous tone will
help return blood to the heart
When blood pressure increases, a number of events occur that return blood pressure to normal. Which of the following is one of the events that occur after an increase in blood pressure?
Baroreceptors are stimulated.
Which of the following statements regarding regulation of local blood flow is true?
Increased metabolic rate in a tissue increases capillary blood flow into the tissue
In capillary exchange, which of the following statements is true?
Most fluid that leaves the arterial end of a capillary reenters the venous end of a capillary
The diagram illustrates a part of a capillary. What does "C" represent?
RBC
Which of the following statements about laminar blood flow is true?
The outermost layer of blood experiences the greatest resistance to flow.
Which of the following statements concerning blood vessel walls is true?
The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall
Which statement about precapillary sphincters is CORRECT?
They can close off the capillaries by contracting.
Which statement is CORRECT?
Veins contain valves and arteries do not.
Which of the following would occur as a result of increased vein release by the kidneys?
an increase in blood volume
Peripheral chemoreceptors
are located in the aortic and carotid bodies
The vasa vasorum
are special capillaries that supply nutrients to the walls of arteries and veins
The figure illustrates the capillary network. What does "B" represent?
arterial capillaries
Resistance to blood flow is greatest in
arterioles
A direct connection between an arteriole and a venule without an intervening capillary bed is a(n)
arteriovenous anastomosis
What is the order of the blood vessels that a red blood cell would pas through as the blood leaves the heart, travels to a tissue, and then returns to the heart?
artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein
Blood from the posterior abdominal wall drains into the
ascending lumbar veins
The lining of a capillary is called the
edothelium
What creates the pulse?
ejection of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta
The blood vessels that are under the greatest pressure are the
elastic arteries
From the heart to body tissues, which of the following sequences of vessels is correct?
elastic artery, muscular artery, arteriole, capillary
Vasomotor tone can be increased by
emotional excitement
On this diagram label pulse point "D".
femoral artery
As the popliteal vein ascends the leg, it becomes the
femoral vein
One of the best ways to determine the adequacy of peripheral circulation is to check the pedal pulses. To check the pedal pulse you would check the pulse in the
foot
Systemic blood vessels transport blood
from the left ventricle through the body to the right atrium
According to the Laplace's Law, as the diameter of a blood vessel increases, the force applied to the wall of that vessel
increases
A blood pressure reading of 120/80 would
indicate a systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg
Which of the following arteries is part of a circulatory pathway to the brain?
internal carotid artery
The venous sinuses in the cranial cavity drain blood into the
internal jugular vein
The velocity of blood flow inside a blood vessel
is faster in the center of the blood vessel
Atrial natriuretic factor
is released in response to elevated atrial pressure