Chapter 20 Practice TestA
A
A 40-year-old man is trapped in a below-grade manure pit. You should attempt to rescue him only if: A. you are properly trained and have a self-contained breathing apparatus. B. a specialized rescue team will not arrive for at least another 30 minutes. C. fire department personnel are at the scene and are prepared to rescue you. D. he has been trapped for more than 45 minutes and you have a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) mask.
B
A water tower is an example of a/an: A. high-angle space. B. elevated confined space. C. ground-level confined space. D. below-ground confined space.
B
A young woman was removed from ice water and is found to be in cardiac arrest. You should: A. perform CPR for 2 minutes and then stop if there is no response. B. begin CPR and continue until the patient is transported to a hospital. C. not attempt resuscitation because the patient will likely not survive. D. perform five cycles of CPR and defibrillate every minute with an AED.
C
Accidents involving farm machinery usually involve: A. explosion incidents. B. grain silo collapses. C. farm tractor rollovers. D. accidental pesticide exposure.
B
According to the Golden Hour (Golden Period), a trauma patient's chance for survival increases the most if he or she: A. is given high-flow oxygen as soon as possible. B. is delivered to definitive care as soon as possible. C. receives paramedic-level care within 30 minutes. D. is in surgery within 30 minutes after the injury occurs.
C
Achieving the cooperation and mutual understanding that is needed for a safe, smooth extrication effort requires: A. cooperation from the patient. B. at least five trained personnel. C. prior coordination and practice. D. an effective incident commander.
C
Air embolism and decompression sickness are both caused by: A. a sudden, unexpected decrease in pressure in a diver who is using self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba). B. blockage of a major artery that leads to the lungs secondary to aspiration of water. C. air bubbles being released in the body as a result of changes in pressure while diving. D. large air bubbles that enter the left ventricle of the heart and prevent cardiac contraction.
D
All of the following are common hazards associated with farm silos, except: A. explosive hazards. B. high-angle hazards. C. confined space hazards. D. carbon dioxide depletion.
B
All of the following are common signs of a collapsed lung caused by an air bubble, except: A. chest pain. B. vomiting blood. C. shortness of breath. D. pink froth in the nose.
B
All of the following are common signs or symptoms of a spinal cord injury in a conscious patient, except: A. neck or back pain. B. difficulty breathing. C. numbness in the arms. D. tingling in the extremities
D
As an EMR, your two primary extrication goals include: A. stabilizing the vehicle and quickly accessing all of the patients. B. stabilizing the patient in the vehicle and calling the fire department. C. determining the degree of vehicular damage and protecting yourself. D. obtaining safe access to the patients and ensuring patient stabilization.
D
As soon as you arrive at the scene of an ice rescue, you should: A. extend a ladder to the site where the patient was last seen. B. request the fire department to perform the rescue attempt. C. carefully crawl across the ice and quickly find the patient. D. visually mark the location where the person was last seen.
D
As the first medically trained person to arrive at the scene of a bus accident involving multiple casualties, you should survey the scene for any hazards, request additional resources, and then: A. begin triaging all of the patients. B. identify all of the uninjured patient. C. promptly identify the critical patients. D. establish an incident command system.
D
At the scene of an ice rescue, personnel who are not directly involved in the rescue operation should: A. leave the scene immediately. B. leave the scene to get more help. C. provide support for the rescuers. D. stay in a warm place until they are needed.
C
Common hazards found at automobile crash scenes involve all of the following, except: A. heavy traffic and bystanders. B. downed electrical power lines. C. an abundance of rescue personnel. D. spilled gasoline or hazardous materials.
A
Confined space rescue requires: A. a specially trained team. B. a minimum of three personnel. C. the fire department hazardous materials team. D. a self-contained breathing apparatus.
B
Dizziness, difficulty speaking and seeing, and a decreased level of consciousness are signs that air bubbles have affected the: A. lungs and heart. B. brain or spinal cord. C. eyes and upper airway. D. throat and lower airway.
B
Even with complete dispatch information regarding a motor vehicle crash, you will not be able to determine: A. the types of vehicles involved. B. the number of bystanders present. C. if any of the patients are entrapped. D. the presence of hazardous materials.
D
Extrication operates on the principle of: A. removing the patient in less than 10 minutes. B. using high-powered hydraulic equipment. C. using air bags to stabilize an unstable vehicle. D. removing the vehicle from around the patient.
A
Hazardous chemicals that are commonly found on farms include all of the following, except: A. chlorine. B. fertilizers. C. herbicides. D. pesticides.
D
If no backboard is available and the patient must be removed from the water before EMS personnel arrive: A. you should place the patient's arms around your neck. B. it is optimal to drag him or her to the shore with a rope. C. use one expert swimmer to move the victim to the shore. D. six people can lift and support the patient with their hands.
D
If patients are still in a vehicle that has power lines draped across its hood, you should: A. put on insulated gloves and carefully remove all of the patients. B. allow the patients to exit the vehicle if the power lines are not arcing. C. immediately remove the power lines using a nonconductive object. D. tell the patients to stay in the vehicle and notify the power company.
A
If you arrive at a crash scene and find a vehicle on its side, your first priority should be to: A. promptly notify the fire department. B. cover any spilled gasoline with dirt. C. request a hazardous materials team. D. place fusees near the crashed vehicle.
B
If you believe that a passenger's condition is serious enough to require immediate care, but you cannot enter through a door, you should: A. break the front windshield because it shatters into many small pieces. B. break one of the side or rear windows because they are made of tempered glass. C. use heavy rescue equipment to quickly remove the door from the vehicle. D. try to break the side window that is closest to the passenger.
B
If you must break a window to open a door or gain access, you should: A. break the window that is closest to the patient. B. try to break a window that is farthest from the patient. C. place a spring-loaded center punch in the center of the window. D. use a spring-loaded center punch only if you are breaking the windshield.
B
If you must enter the water to rescue a distressed person, it is most important that you: A. remove any encumbering clothing first. B. are a capable swimmer who is properly trained. C. wait until the victim is submerged before entering. D. get only as close as necessary to throw a flotation device.
A
If you must use a small boat to rescue a person from the water, you should: A. wear a personal flotation device. B. use a boat with a high-powered motor. C. protect yourself by taking a mask and snorkel. D. get within 3′ (1 m) and then throw the person a rope.
C
If, upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, other emergency vehicles and personnel are already present, you should: A. park your vehicle 500′ (152 m) away from the scene. B. turn off your emergency lights immediately. C. ask them where you should park your vehicle. D. park as close to the crashed vehicle as you can.
A
If, upon reaching a distressed swimmer, you find that he or she is in cardiac arrest, you should first: A. stabilize the head and neck and remove the victim from the water. B. immobilize the victim's entire spine before removal from the water. C. place a long backboard under the victim and begin rescue breathing. D. perform 2 minutes of CPR before removing him or her from the water.
B
In general, you should leave an injured patient in his or her vehicle, unless: A. he or she is claustrophobic. B. the patient's life is in imminent danger. C. his or her seatbelt has been removed. D. the patient is not properly immobilized.
B
In most situations, you should park your emergency response vehicle: A. immediately in front of a crashed vehicle. B. in a location that does not obstruct traffic. C. directly behind a law enforcement vehicle. D. in an area that obstructs the flow of traffic.
A
It is important to remember that the access route to the patient: A. may not be adequate as an extrication route. B. should not be used as a route for extrication. C. is usually the best route to use for extrication. D. must be large enough to permit safe removal.
A
Minimal protective equipment that the EMR should use during extrication includes: A. a helmet with a face shield and gloves. B. safety goggles and sterile rubber gloves. C. thick glasses, a bunker coat, and gloves. D. a bunker coat, a helmet with a face shield, and gloves.
D
Most patients who are still in their vehicle following a crash can be accessed by: A. using a power saw to cut off the roof. B. removing a door with rescue equipment. C. carefully removing the front windshield. D. opening a door or rolling down a window.
A
Once you have gained access to a patient and entered the wrecked vehicle, it is most important to: A. avoid getting in front of an undeployed air bag. B. ask the patient if he or she was wearing a seat belt. C. determine if the patient has any medical problems. D. see if the patient's feet are entrapped by the pedals.
B
Patients with an air embolism or decompression sickness often require treatment in a/an: A. operating room. B. hyperbaric chamber. C. high-altitude chamber. D. decompression chamber.
A
Postimpact automobile fires can be prevented most effectively by: A. turning off the ignition. B. cutting the battery cables. C. dousing the car with foam. D. quickly draining the gas tank.
B
Prior to attempting extrication, it is most important that you: A. determine the extent of the patient's injuries. B. know the limitations of your equipment and skill. C. ensure that all the injured patients remain calm. D. stabilize all patients before removing them from a vehicle.
A
The first step in the process of extrication involves: A. assessing the scene and requesting help. B. providing initial emergency medical care. C. immediately disentangling the patients. D. stabilizing the scene and removing any hazards.
A
The most effective way to keep bystanders away from an emergency scene is to: A. use a rope or police/fire barrier tape. B. use one bystander to direct the others. C. use your response vehicle as a barricade. D. order the bystanders away from the scene.
A
The most important consideration during the extrication process is: A. safety. B. speed. C. expertise. D. equipment.
D
The presence of sharp glass or metal and blood splattering at the scene of an automobile crash would require you to wear, at a minimum: A. exam gloves, earplugs, and a thick bunker coat. B. thick utility gloves and adequate eye protection. C. vinyl or latex gloves and a protective face shield. D. thick gloves over exam gloves and face protection.
A
The two main hazards associated with confined spaces are: A. low oxygen and structural collapse. B. carbon dioxide depletion and cyanide. C. hypothermia and high nitrogen levels. D. oxygen poisoning and carbon monoxide.
B
Typical responsibilities of the EMR during the extrication process include all of the following, except: A. sizing up the scene. B. extinguishing any fire. C. providing medical care. D. gaining access to patients.
C
Upon arriving at the scene of a car crash involving a front-end collision, you should first: A. place fusees around the perimeter of the car. B. gain access to the battery and cut the cables. C. turn off the vehicle's ignition if it is still running. D. don gloves and remove the battery from the car.
B
Vehicles that are positioned upright on all four wheels following a crash: A. are more likely to catch on fire. B. should be assumed to be unstable. C. more than likely did not roll over. D. typically are safe for you to enter.
B
What is the most appropriate order for attempting to rescue a victim before entering the water? A. Throw, reach, and row. B. Reach, throw, and row. C. Row, reach, and throw. D. Reach, row, and throw.
B
What is the primary hazard to the EMR when dealing with an upside-down vehicle? A. Battery leakage B. Spilled gasoline C. Vehicular instability D. Roof collapse
B
When multiple patients must be removed from an overturned bus, you should: A. move equipment and patients in and out of the same window or door. B. use one door or window to pass equipment and another to move patients. C. carefully turn the bus onto all of its wheels before removing the patients. D. employ hydraulic equipment to completely remove the roof of the bus.
A
When performing an ice rescue, the use of a toboggan: A. will spread your weight over a wider area and reduce your chances of falling through the ice. B. concentrates your weight in a smaller surface area and makes it easier for you to reach the victim. C. is never an acceptable rescue technique because the toboggan is heavy and will likely cause you to fall through the ice. D. should only be initiated after the techniques used to rescue a distressed swimmer have been exhausted.
C
When using a dry chemical fire extinguisher to put out the fire in an automobile with passengers still inside of it, you should: A. direct the extinguisher chemical at the top of the fire. B. recall that the chemical inside the extinguisher is toxic. C. direct the extinguisher chemical at the base of the fire. D. discharge the extinguisher directly onto the passengers.
C
Which of the following interventions would have the highest priority after gaining access to a patient who is entrapped in his or her vehicle? A. Administering high-flow oxygen B. Maintaining body temperature C. Controlling any severe bleeding D. Providing psychological support
C
Which of the following is not a below-ground confined space? A. Manhole B. Utility vault C. Storage silo D. Mine or well
A
Which of the following statements regarding impact fires following a motor vehicle crash is correct? A. Impact fires occur when the gas tank ruptures on impact and the car is quickly engulfed in flames. B. Passengers removed from impact fires are usually saved by fire department rescue personnel. C. Impact fires progress slowly and usually give ample time for the removal of patients. D. Most impact fires cause the vehicle to explode immediately on impact and kill all of the passengers.
D
Why might the reporting of and response to farm accidents be delayed? A. Most farmers do not have access to a landline or mobile phone. B. Most farm accidents are catastrophic and the caller is usually panicked. C. The distance to most farm accidents is greater than 20 miles away. D. EMRs may have to leave their vehicles some distance from the patient.
A
You are caring for a patient with signs of decompression sickness. Prior to EMS arrival, you should place the patient: A. on the left side with the head slightly lowered. B. on the right side with the head slightly elevated. C. in a supine position with the head elevated 90°. D. in a prone position with the legs elevated 6" to 12" (15.2 to 30.4 cm).
B
You are the first medically trained person to arrive at the scene of a car crash. There is one patient, who is still in his badly damaged car. The patient appears to be unconscious and is bleeding heavily from the mouth. After ensuring that the scene is safe, your priority should be to: A. immediately remove the patient from his car. B. promptly but safely gain access to the patient. C. open the patient's airway and suction his mouth. D. direct traffic until responding paramedics arrive.
C
You arrive at an accident scene involving a vehicle that struck a bridge pillar. The scene is safe and there are no obvious hazards. The patient, a 33-year-old woman, is still in the car. She is conscious and alert but complains of severe neck and back pain. With responding EMTs approximately 5 minutes away, you should: A. open the patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver and assess her breathing. B. remain at least 50′ to 100′ (15.2 to 30.5 m) away from the vehicle until the responding EMTs arrive. C. manually stabilize the patient's head and neck and wait for the responding EMTs to arrive. D. apply a cervical collar to the patient, carefully remove her from the car, and move her to safety.
A
You have reached a young man who was found face down in the water. Your assessment reveals that he is not breathing but has a pulse. After stabilizing the patient's head and neck, you should: A. begin rescue breathing. B. remove him from the water. C. completely stabilize his spine. D. perform a blind finger sweep.
A
Your overview of an accident scene should begin: A. upon arrival but before exiting your vehicle. B. after you have donned protective equipment. C. upon exiting your emergency response vehicle. D. once you know how many patients are involved.
