Chapter 20 Section 2 Revolutions of 1830 and 1848

What country became independent in 1831?

Belgium

How were the "February Days" and "June Days" similar and different?

Both uprisings included street fighting, but February's ended with the proclamation of the Second Republic, while June's ended with deeper divisions among the classes.

Louis Philippe

King of France chosen by moderate liberals who supported the revolution to lead France in a constitutional monarchy (Similar to Bill Gates)

How did the revolutions affect Europe's monarchs?

They were threatened.

Radicals

Those who favor extreme change (as in Paris- citizens fire on soldiers; Charles limits voting.) (Boston Tea Party)

What were the causes and effects of the revolutions in Europe of 1830 and 1848?

1830 France - Radicals force king to abdicate Belgium - Congress wants to create a strong barrier to help prevent French expansion. Poland - Great powers handed most of Poland to Russia 1848 France- Revolution leads to election of Louis Napoleon ad president. Austria- Books were smuggled into universities Italy- Nationalists wanted to end Hapsburg domination and set up independent republics. Prussia- liberals forced King to agree to a constitution written by an elected assembly. Germany- Frankfurt Assembly offers the king the throne of a united Germany, but he refuses.

How did the French Revolutions of 1820 and 1848 differ?

1830 resulted in a Constitutional Monarchy; 1848 resulted in the Second Republic with a strong president and wider suffrage for men.

Napoleon III

9 million voted for Louis Napoleon; wins presidency and appeals to working class. Declared Emperor in 1852, known as Napoleon III. 90% voted in his favor, scared for their lives.

What ideals survived despite how quickly most rebellions throughout Europe were crushed?

Equality, Liberty, and Democracy.

Louis Kossuth

Journalist- led Hungarian Nationalist in revolt to Austria, he lost.

What ideal led to the revolutions of 1848?

Liberty

Who was the "citizen king?"

Louis Philippe

Recession

Period of reduced economic activity; 1840's France caused by factories down and poor harvest; caused another revolution- 1789, 1840, 1848

What was the outcome of most of the revolutions outside France in 1848?

Most revolutions succeeded at first but they were later crushed and their reforms canceled.