Chapter 21: Lymphatic and Immune System
The lymph node is surrounded by a tough connective tissue layer called the ______.
capsule
The main difference between lymphatic organs and lymphatic nodules is that lymphatic organs have a ______ enclosing them.
capsule
The spleen is surrounded by a _____ made of dense irregular connective tissue
capsule
lymph drains from lymphatic trunks into a lymphatic
duct
Lymph drains from lymphatic trunks into two lymphatic ______.
ducts
Lymph exits the lymph node through ______ lymphatic vessels. Multiple choice question.
efferent
The region where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the spleen is called the ______
hilum
Excess interstitial fluid is driven into lymphatic capillaries primarily by what type of pressure?
hydrostatic
The cisterna chyli is directly ______ to the thoracic duct.
inferior
Which abdominal quadrant is the spleen located?
left upper quadrant
Which of the following are types of tonsils?
lingual palatine pharyngeal
Lacteals pick up dietary
lipids
After interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic vessels it is called ______.
lymph
Lymphatic ______ are small clusters of lymphocytes that lack a complete capsule.
nodules
The right lymphatic duct drains which of the following parts of the body?
right side of chest, right arm, right side of head and neck
The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from which quarter of the body?
right upper
Adult red bone marrow is found within spongy bone in which locations?
roofing bones of the skull, sternum, vertebrae
After they are formed, lymphocytes are housed in ______ lymphatic structures.
secondary
The surgical removal of the tonsils is called a ______
tonsilectomy
The ______ are masses of lymphatic tissue that protect against inhaled and ingested materials and are found within the pharynx.
tonsils
The two lobes of the thymus are divided into lobules by ______, extensions of the outer capsule.
trabeculae
The spleen initiates an immune response when antigens are found in the blood. This function is associated with the ______ pulp.
white
The lobes of the thymus are surrounded by a connective tissue
capsule
Lymph flows through a lymph node in what order?
1. Afferent lymphatic vessel 2. Lymphatic sinuses 3. Efferent lymphatic vessel
Blood flows through the spleen in what order?
1. splenic artery 2. central artery of white pulp 3. splenic sinusoids of red pulp 4. splenic vein
On average, how much interstitial fluid becomes lymph each day?
3 liters
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are usually associated with abnormal ______.
B-lymphocytes
Often when a cancerous tumor is surgically removed from a patient, surrounding lymph nodes are removed as well. Why?
Cancers that metastasize will travel to nearby lymph nodes first
Reed-Sternberg cells are present in ______ lymphoma.
Hodgkin
The lymphatic nodules in the ileum of the small intestine are called ______ patches.
Peyer
Which of the following are normal constituents of lymph?
Low concentration of protein Water Ions
Which lymphatic structures are found within the mucosae of the GI, respiratory, genital, and urinary tracts?
MALT
What is the most common reason for a splenectomy?
abdominal injury
______ vessels carry lymph into a lymph node.
afferent
The ______ lymphatic vessels enter the lymph node and the ______ lymphatic vessels exit the lymph node.
afferent; efferent
filaments hold lymphatic capillary endothelial cells to surrounding tissues.
anchoring
The white pulp of the spleen is associated with the ______ supply of the spleen.
arterial
Lymph from the breast travels through the ______ lymph nodes.
axillary
Lymphoma is a _____ of the lymphatic tissues
cancer
The lymphatic system aids the ______ system by transporting excess interstitial fluid.
circulatory
Lymphatic capillaries are ______ vessels.
closed-ended
Each thymus lobule is divided into an inner medulla and an outer
cortex
Within a lymph node are open spaces called sinuses. In the cortex they are called ______ sinuses and in the medulla they are called medullary sinuses.
cortical
Within a lymph node are open spaces called sinuses. In the cortex they are called _______ sinuses and in the medulla they are called medullary sinuses.
cortical
True or False: Dissolved solutes are not common components of lymph.
false
True or false: The spleen filters the lymph for foreign materials and bacteria.
false
True or false: The spleen has an outer cortex and inner medulla.
false
The primary function of a lymph node is to ______.
filter foreign material from the lymph
Large clusters of lymph nodes are found in which of the following regions?
inguinal, axillary, cervical
When blood plasma leaks out of the capillaries it is then called ______
interstitial fluid
Lymph from the head and neck drains into the ______ trunks.
jugular
Dietary lipids enter the lymphatic system through tiny lymph vessels called
lacteals
Lymphatic capillaries located in the GI tract are called ______.
lacteals
Lymphatic capillaries are usually ______ in diameter than blood capillaries.
larger
Which of these secondary lymphatic structures have a complete capsule?
lymph node, spleen
MALT stands for "mucosa-associated ______ tissue".
lymphatic
Which of the following vessels have valves?
lymphatic vessels and veins
When excess interstitial fluid is not reabsorbed, the tissues swell causing a condition called
lymphedema/edema
The medulla of the lymph node is supported by connective tissue fibers called ______.
medullary cords
Cancerous cells can travel from one part of the body to another. This process is called
metastasis
The function of white pulp in the spleen is to ______.
monitor the blood for foreign materials
As the interstitial hydrostatic pressure increases, is more or less fluid driven into the lymphatic capillaries?
more
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are ______ Hodgkin lymphomas.
more common than
The small flaps that allow lymph to enter but not leave in lymphatic capillaries are made from ______.
overlapping endothelial cells
Which tonsils are most commonly affected by tonsillitis?
palatine tonsils
Which of the following are normal functions of the adult spleen?
phagocytosis of bacteria act as a reservoir for platelets phagocytosis of old erythrocytes
The adenoids are also called the ______tonsils.
pharyngeal
Which tonsils are found in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx?
pharyngeal tonsils
______ lymphatic structures are involved in the formation of lymphocytes.
primary
Lymphatic sinuses in the cortex and medulla of the lymph node ______.
provide a pathway for lymphatic flow
The ______ pulp of the spleen acts as a platelet reservoir.
red
All lymphocytes originate in the ______.
red bone marrow
Which of the following are considered primary lymphatic structures where lymphocytes are produced?
red bone marrow and thymus
The thymus ______ after puberty.
shrinks
The ______ filters blood and acts as a blood reservoir.
spleen
Which of the following is the largest lymphatic organ in the body?
spleen
Which of these lymphatic structures is found near the 9th to the 11th rib?
spleen
Which of the following are considered secondary lymphatic structures where lymphocytes are housed after formation?
spleen, lymph nodes, and tonsils
The surgical removal of the spleen is called a ______
splenectomy
Blood drains out of the spleen through the ______.
splenic vein
The thymus is located in the ______
superior mediastinum
The larger lymph duct, the left lymphatic duct, is more commonly referred to as the ________ duct.
thoracic
Lymph from the right leg enters the bloodstream through the ______.
thoracic duct
What is the name of the lymphatic duct that drains 3/4 of the body
thoracic ducts
T-lymphocytes migrate to, and mature in the
thymus
What is the function of lymphatic nodules?
to help defend against infection where they are found
Lymphatic ______ are formed from merging lymphatic vessels.
trunks
The lymphatic system contains ______ lymphatic ducts.
two
Lymph moves only one way through lymphatic vessels because of the presence of what internal structures?
valves
Lymphatic vessels resemble small ______
veins
The lymphatic ducts empty into ______.
veins
The red pulp of the spleen is where ______ drainage of the blood occurs.
venous
If you feel swollen lymph nodes on your neck just under your jaw, of the following choices, it is most likely that ______.
you are fighting off an infection