Chapter 21: Lymphatic and Immune System

The lymph node is surrounded by a tough connective tissue layer called the ______.

capsule

The main difference between lymphatic organs and lymphatic nodules is that lymphatic organs have a ______ enclosing them.

capsule

The spleen is surrounded by a _____ made of dense irregular connective tissue

capsule

lymph drains from lymphatic trunks into a lymphatic

duct

Lymph drains from lymphatic trunks into two lymphatic ______.

ducts

Lymph exits the lymph node through ______ lymphatic vessels. Multiple choice question.

efferent

The region where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the spleen is called the ______

hilum

Excess interstitial fluid is driven into lymphatic capillaries primarily by what type of pressure?

hydrostatic

The cisterna chyli is directly ______ to the thoracic duct.

inferior

Which abdominal quadrant is the spleen located?

left upper quadrant

Which of the following are types of tonsils?

lingual palatine pharyngeal

Lacteals pick up dietary

lipids

After interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic vessels it is called ______.

lymph

Lymphatic ______ are small clusters of lymphocytes that lack a complete capsule.

nodules

The right lymphatic duct drains which of the following parts of the body?

right side of chest, right arm, right side of head and neck

The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from which quarter of the body?

right upper

Adult red bone marrow is found within spongy bone in which locations?

roofing bones of the skull, sternum, vertebrae

After they are formed, lymphocytes are housed in ______ lymphatic structures.

secondary

The surgical removal of the tonsils is called a ______

tonsilectomy

The ______ are masses of lymphatic tissue that protect against inhaled and ingested materials and are found within the pharynx.

tonsils

The two lobes of the thymus are divided into lobules by ______, extensions of the outer capsule.

trabeculae

The spleen initiates an immune response when antigens are found in the blood. This function is associated with the ______ pulp.

white

The lobes of the thymus are surrounded by a connective tissue

capsule

Lymph flows through a lymph node in what order?

1. Afferent lymphatic vessel 2. Lymphatic sinuses 3. Efferent lymphatic vessel

Blood flows through the spleen in what order?

1. splenic artery 2. central artery of white pulp 3. splenic sinusoids of red pulp 4. splenic vein

On average, how much interstitial fluid becomes lymph each day?

3 liters

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are usually associated with abnormal ______.

B-lymphocytes

Often when a cancerous tumor is surgically removed from a patient, surrounding lymph nodes are removed as well. Why?

Cancers that metastasize will travel to nearby lymph nodes first

Reed-Sternberg cells are present in ______ lymphoma.

Hodgkin

The lymphatic nodules in the ileum of the small intestine are called ______ patches.

Peyer

Which of the following are normal constituents of lymph?

Low concentration of protein Water Ions

Which lymphatic structures are found within the mucosae of the GI, respiratory, genital, and urinary tracts?

MALT

What is the most common reason for a splenectomy?

abdominal injury

______ vessels carry lymph into a lymph node.

afferent

The ______ lymphatic vessels enter the lymph node and the ______ lymphatic vessels exit the lymph node.

afferent; efferent

filaments hold lymphatic capillary endothelial cells to surrounding tissues.

anchoring

The white pulp of the spleen is associated with the ______ supply of the spleen.

arterial

Lymph from the breast travels through the ______ lymph nodes.

axillary

Lymphoma is a _____ of the lymphatic tissues

cancer

The lymphatic system aids the ______ system by transporting excess interstitial fluid.

circulatory

Lymphatic capillaries are ______ vessels.

closed-ended

Each thymus lobule is divided into an inner medulla and an outer

cortex

Within a lymph node are open spaces called sinuses. In the cortex they are called ______ sinuses and in the medulla they are called medullary sinuses.

cortical

Within a lymph node are open spaces called sinuses. In the cortex they are called _______ sinuses and in the medulla they are called medullary sinuses.

cortical

True or False: Dissolved solutes are not common components of lymph.

false

True or false: The spleen filters the lymph for foreign materials and bacteria.

false

True or false: The spleen has an outer cortex and inner medulla.

false

The primary function of a lymph node is to ______.

filter foreign material from the lymph

Large clusters of lymph nodes are found in which of the following regions?

inguinal, axillary, cervical

When blood plasma leaks out of the capillaries it is then called ______

interstitial fluid

Lymph from the head and neck drains into the ______ trunks.

jugular

Dietary lipids enter the lymphatic system through tiny lymph vessels called

lacteals

Lymphatic capillaries located in the GI tract are called ______.

lacteals

Lymphatic capillaries are usually ______ in diameter than blood capillaries.

larger

Which of these secondary lymphatic structures have a complete capsule?

lymph node, spleen

MALT stands for "mucosa-associated ______ tissue".

lymphatic

Which of the following vessels have valves?

lymphatic vessels and veins

When excess interstitial fluid is not reabsorbed, the tissues swell causing a condition called

lymphedema/edema

The medulla of the lymph node is supported by connective tissue fibers called ______.

medullary cords

Cancerous cells can travel from one part of the body to another. This process is called

metastasis

The function of white pulp in the spleen is to ______.

monitor the blood for foreign materials

As the interstitial hydrostatic pressure increases, is more or less fluid driven into the lymphatic capillaries?

more

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are ______ Hodgkin lymphomas.

more common than

The small flaps that allow lymph to enter but not leave in lymphatic capillaries are made from ______.

overlapping endothelial cells

Which tonsils are most commonly affected by tonsillitis?

palatine tonsils

Which of the following are normal functions of the adult spleen?

phagocytosis of bacteria act as a reservoir for platelets phagocytosis of old erythrocytes

The adenoids are also called the ______tonsils.

pharyngeal

Which tonsils are found in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx?

pharyngeal tonsils

______ lymphatic structures are involved in the formation of lymphocytes.

primary

Lymphatic sinuses in the cortex and medulla of the lymph node ______.

provide a pathway for lymphatic flow

The ______ pulp of the spleen acts as a platelet reservoir.

red

All lymphocytes originate in the ______.

red bone marrow

Which of the following are considered primary lymphatic structures where lymphocytes are produced?

red bone marrow and thymus

The thymus ______ after puberty.

shrinks

The ______ filters blood and acts as a blood reservoir.

spleen

Which of the following is the largest lymphatic organ in the body?

spleen

Which of these lymphatic structures is found near the 9th to the 11th rib?

spleen

Which of the following are considered secondary lymphatic structures where lymphocytes are housed after formation?

spleen, lymph nodes, and tonsils

The surgical removal of the spleen is called a ______

splenectomy

Blood drains out of the spleen through the ______.

splenic vein

The thymus is located in the ______

superior mediastinum

The larger lymph duct, the left lymphatic duct, is more commonly referred to as the ________ duct.

thoracic

Lymph from the right leg enters the bloodstream through the ______.

thoracic duct

What is the name of the lymphatic duct that drains 3/4 of the body

thoracic ducts

T-lymphocytes migrate to, and mature in the

thymus

What is the function of lymphatic nodules?

to help defend against infection where they are found

Lymphatic ______ are formed from merging lymphatic vessels.

trunks

The lymphatic system contains ______ lymphatic ducts.

two

Lymph moves only one way through lymphatic vessels because of the presence of what internal structures?

valves

Lymphatic vessels resemble small ______

veins

The lymphatic ducts empty into ______.

veins

The red pulp of the spleen is where ______ drainage of the blood occurs.

venous

If you feel swollen lymph nodes on your neck just under your jaw, of the following choices, it is most likely that ______.

you are fighting off an infection