Chapter 21

IgE-mediated anaphylactic reaction

The type of antibody that is produced specific to anaphylaxis is called immunoglobulin E and is abbreviated as IgE

An allergic reaction can be a mild localized reaction presenting as

redness, itching skin (pruritus), and edema or a mild systemic reaction resulting in widespread hives (urticaria) and pruritus.

What is an anaphylactoid reaction also known as?

A non-IgE-mediated reaction

anaphylactic shock

A severe reaction that occurs when an allergen is introduced to the bloodstream of an allergic individual. Characterized by bronchoconstriction, labored breathing, widespread vasodilation, circulatory shock, and sometimes sudden death.

What is a severe, exaggerated, systemic allergic reaction that is associated with severe swelling of the upper and lower airways, and constriction of the bronchioles?

Anaphylactic reaction

A wide variety of substances can produce such reactions such as

Foods, medications, insect stings—even exercise—are common causes

antigens

Foreign material that invades the body

What is the primary chemical mediator released from basophils during an immune system response?

Histamine

An antigen can enter the body in the following routes:

Injection, Ingestion, Inhalation, Contact (absorption)

Which medication is most commonly associated with anaphylactic reactions?

Penicillin

Some of the causes of anaphylactic reactions are the following:

Pollen,Hymenoptera, Venom, Foods, MedicationsMany other substances, Exercise, Weather conditions, latex

What is the process of developing an allergy to a substance on the first exposure called?

Sensitization

anaphylactoid reaction or a non-IgE-mediated reaction

a reaction to a foreign substance that resembles an anaphylactic reaction that may occur on first exposure to the substance, without immune system sensitization

anaphylactic reaction and also known as anaphylaxis.

a severe allergic reaction, exaggerated, systemic, allergic reaction that is associated with severe swelling of the upper and lower airways, constriction of the bronchioles, leakage of fluid from the capillaries, systemic vessel dilation, and an increased production of mucus.

sensitization

a simple form of learning that occurs when presentation of a stimulus leads to an increased response to a later stimulus

hypersensitivity

an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance

anaphylactic reaction or anaphylaxis that becomes cardiovascular collapse and hypotension are present, this life-threatening response can be referred to as

anaphylactic shock

antibodies

are proteins that search for the antigen, combine with it, and help to destroy it.

immune response

detects the antigen and produces antibodies

The majority of severe allergic reactions from injection are the result of:

hymenoptera stings.

Some cases of anaphylactic reaction are

idiopathic

The body has a defense mechanism, to fight off invasion by foreign substances known as the

immune system

allergic reaction

is a hypersensitivity reaction resulting from exposure to an allergen, which can occur at any time and to anyone

Another frightening aspect of anaphylactic reactions is that they typically develop and become

life threatening quickly, within minutes after exposure to the cause of the reaction.

An anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reaction can be triggered by many substances. The most common cause is

medications that are either taken orally or injected.

An antigen can enter the body through the

skin, the gastrointestinal tract, or the respiratory tract

In its most severe form, an allergic reaction can cause a

systemic, multisystem, life-threatening condition with respiratory failure, circulatory collapse, and shock

An allergen is a(n):

type of antigen.

idiopathic

unknown cause

Gastrointestinal symptoms include

vomiting and crampy abdominal pain