Chapter 21
IgE-mediated anaphylactic reaction
The type of antibody that is produced specific to anaphylaxis is called immunoglobulin E and is abbreviated as IgE
An allergic reaction can be a mild localized reaction presenting as
redness, itching skin (pruritus), and edema or a mild systemic reaction resulting in widespread hives (urticaria) and pruritus.
What is an anaphylactoid reaction also known as?
A non-IgE-mediated reaction
anaphylactic shock
A severe reaction that occurs when an allergen is introduced to the bloodstream of an allergic individual. Characterized by bronchoconstriction, labored breathing, widespread vasodilation, circulatory shock, and sometimes sudden death.
What is a severe, exaggerated, systemic allergic reaction that is associated with severe swelling of the upper and lower airways, and constriction of the bronchioles?
Anaphylactic reaction
A wide variety of substances can produce such reactions such as
Foods, medications, insect stings—even exercise—are common causes
antigens
Foreign material that invades the body
What is the primary chemical mediator released from basophils during an immune system response?
Histamine
An antigen can enter the body in the following routes:
Injection, Ingestion, Inhalation, Contact (absorption)
Which medication is most commonly associated with anaphylactic reactions?
Penicillin
Some of the causes of anaphylactic reactions are the following:
Pollen,Hymenoptera, Venom, Foods, MedicationsMany other substances, Exercise, Weather conditions, latex
What is the process of developing an allergy to a substance on the first exposure called?
Sensitization
anaphylactoid reaction or a non-IgE-mediated reaction
a reaction to a foreign substance that resembles an anaphylactic reaction that may occur on first exposure to the substance, without immune system sensitization
anaphylactic reaction and also known as anaphylaxis.
a severe allergic reaction, exaggerated, systemic, allergic reaction that is associated with severe swelling of the upper and lower airways, constriction of the bronchioles, leakage of fluid from the capillaries, systemic vessel dilation, and an increased production of mucus.
sensitization
a simple form of learning that occurs when presentation of a stimulus leads to an increased response to a later stimulus
hypersensitivity
an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance
anaphylactic reaction or anaphylaxis that becomes cardiovascular collapse and hypotension are present, this life-threatening response can be referred to as
anaphylactic shock
antibodies
are proteins that search for the antigen, combine with it, and help to destroy it.
immune response
detects the antigen and produces antibodies
The majority of severe allergic reactions from injection are the result of:
hymenoptera stings.
Some cases of anaphylactic reaction are
idiopathic
The body has a defense mechanism, to fight off invasion by foreign substances known as the
immune system
allergic reaction
is a hypersensitivity reaction resulting from exposure to an allergen, which can occur at any time and to anyone
Another frightening aspect of anaphylactic reactions is that they typically develop and become
life threatening quickly, within minutes after exposure to the cause of the reaction.
An anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reaction can be triggered by many substances. The most common cause is
medications that are either taken orally or injected.
An antigen can enter the body through the
skin, the gastrointestinal tract, or the respiratory tract
In its most severe form, an allergic reaction can cause a
systemic, multisystem, life-threatening condition with respiratory failure, circulatory collapse, and shock
An allergen is a(n):
type of antigen.
idiopathic
unknown cause
Gastrointestinal symptoms include
vomiting and crampy abdominal pain
