Chapter 23
80%
A hospital patient produces 4 mL/min of urine with a urea concentrationof 8 mg/mL. Venous blood draw reveals urea concentration of 0.4 mg/mL. What is the percentage of cleared urea from glomerular filtrate?
albuminuria
A patient enters a hospital after a motorcycle accident. He complains of mid-back pain. X-rays reveal both rib and pelvic fractures. His emergency room examination includes urinalysis. Which of the following findings from the urinalysis would most likely suggest trauma to the kidneys from the accident but not the urinary bladder
the minor calyx
A renal pyramid voids urine into
one pyramid and the overlying cortex
A single lobe of a kidney is compromised of
the distal convoluted tubule
Aldosterone acts on
the thin segment of the nephron loop
All of the following are comprised of cuboidal epithelium with the exception of
secretion of parathyroid hormone
Hypocalcemia stimulates
protein
In a healthy kidney, very little ___ is filtered by the glomerulus
deaminating amino acids
In life -threatening starvation the kidneys synthesize glucose by
angiotensin II
In response to a drop in overall blood pressure _____ stimulates constriction of the glomerular inlet and even greater constriction of the outlet
tubular fluid
In the nephron, the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as
the countercurrent multiplier system
Loop diuretics reduce body water content by acting on
the elimination of urine
Micturition is another term for
glucose
Normal urine from a healthy person can be expected to contain all of the following except
diabetes mellitus
Prior to chemical tests for glycosuria, clinicians checked for sweetness of urine as a sign of
hydrogen ions
Proximal convoluted tubules are responsible for reabsorbing all of the following except
the myogenic mechanism
The mechanism of stabilizing the GFR based on the tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched is known as what
2.0 L
The minimum daily output of urine to meet the definition of polyuria is
to supply salt and urea to the renal medulla
The overall purpose of the countercurrent exchanges system is
glomerulus
The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the
the body's water volume is high
The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when
urea
This byproduct of protein catabolism constitutes approximately one-half of all nitrogenous waste
appearance of that solute in the urine
Total saturation of protein transporters for a given solute in the renal tubules would result in
urochrome
What is the term for the pigment responsible for the color of urine
juxtamedullary nephrons
Which are primarily responsible for maintaining the salinity gradient of the renal medulla
they release waste into the bloodstream
Which is not a function of the kidneys
internal urethral sphincter
Which is not a portion of the urethra
detrusor
Which muscle is located in the bladder
diuretics
Which of the following does not contribute to water conservation
decreased urine volume
Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone
collecting duct
Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system
skeletal muscle
Which of the following is not found in the ureter
vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate
segmental a. - interlobular a. - arcuate a. - interlobular a.
Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex
interlobular v. - arcuate v. - interlobar v. - renal v.
Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal cortex to the renal vein
podocytes
Which of these form the inner layer of the glomerular capsule and wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus
norepinephrine
Which of these induces renin secretion, constricts afferent arterioles, and reduces GFR and urine volume
the cardiovascular system
Which organ system does not excrete waste
collecting duct
Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic waste and NaCl to pass through
insulin and creatinine
Which two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate
it is secreted by the renal tubules
Creatinine has a renal clearanceof 140mL/min due to the fact that
the renal corpuscle
Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by
20 mm Hg out
Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg
preventing sodium loss in the urine
Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood volume and pressure by all of the following means except
proximal convoluted tubules
Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here the ____ of all nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption
the renal corpuscle
Blood plasma is filtered in
liver
Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen released from the _____ to for angiotensin I
1.2 million
The average person has approximately ___ nephrons per kidney
sodium; the opposite
The countercurrent multiplier recaptures ____ and is based on fluid flowing in _____ direction in two adjacent tubules
the fibrous capsule
The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assistancing in staving off infection is known as
