Chapter 23 Abdomen Book: Fetal Hips

What can happen if DDH is not treated early on?

Significant morbidity

What is developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)?

Spectrum of disorders affecting the proximal femur and acetabulum and hips that are subluxatable, dislocatable, and dislocated

Which condition is described if a hip demonstrates posterior, superior, and lateral displacement of the femoral head during flexion?

Subluxed

Which of the following statements regarding the alpha angle is FALSE?

The alpha angle is obtained in the transverse plane.

Which germ cell layer are the bones, connective tissues, and muscles derived from?

Mesoderm

What hip is more often affected with DDH?

The left hip 3 times more often

Which of the following statements regarding the transverse scan plane is FALSE?

The alpha and beta angles are taken in this plane.

An alpha angle of greater than or equal to ___________ is considered normal.

60 degrees

The rounded femoral head sits in what?

Acetabulum

Which of the following statements regarding evaluation of the hips is FALSE?

Assessing femoral head coverage is the most reproducible method for diagnosing DDH.

When does DDH occur most commonly?

At birth

In which of the following maneuvers does the examiner attempt to push the femoral head out of the socket?

Barlow maneuver

What are the most significant risk factors for hip dysplasia?

Breech, female, and african american or native american

The femoral head is composed of___________ at birth.

Cartilage

What is defined by the beta angle?

Cartilaginous roof of the acetabulum

What are the two most common methods used to evaluate for DDH?

Clinical assessment and sonography

What term defines a complete displacement of the head out of the acetabulum?

Dislocation

To obtain the alpha and beta angles when drawing the lines on an infant hip joint, where is the location of the third line?

Extends from the bony edge of the acetabulum at the triradiate cartilage to the lowest point of the ilium

Using infant hip line drawings on a coronal scanning plane, where is the formation of the alpha angle?

Formed between the first and second line

Which treatment braces the hip in abduction and flexion so the acetabulum will remodel as the femoral head is placed to rest centered in the acetabular socket?

Placing infant in a Pavlik harness

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing DDH?

Polyhydramnios

What can happen to the subluxed or dislocated hip when it is rotated outward or abducted?

Reduce the subluxation or dislocation

A 3-year-old patient presents with a low-grade fever and refusal to bear weight on her left hip. She recently had an upper respiratory infection. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?

Transient synovitis

What self-limiting disease that is often treated with anti-inflammatory medication is a relatively common cause of painful hip in children?

Transient synovitis

Which cartilage is a helpful landmark that connects the ileum, ischium, and pubis?

Triradiate cartilage

How is Barlow maneuver used to assess hip stability?

Used as an attempt to push the femoral head posteriorly out of the socket

What angle indicates acetabular maturity?

60 degrees or greater

Which scanning plane allows for an assessment of the femoral head coverage with respect to how well it is contained in the acetabulum?

Coronal

When scanning the infant hip joint, why is a linear transducer preferred over a sector transducer?

Larger footprint

What is the impression of the hip if the beta angle is <55 degrees?

Normal