Chapter 23 Define and Identify
Planned economies
A planned economy is an economicsystem in which inputs are based on direct allocation. Economic planning may be carried out in a decentralized, distributed or centralized manner depending on the specific organization of economicinstitutions.
Alexander Kerensky
Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky was a Russian lawyer and politician, who served as the second Minister-Chairman of the Russian Provisional Government in July-November 1917.
Alexandra
Alexandra Fyodorovna (Russian: Императрица Александра Фёдоровна, Imperatritsa Aleksandra Fyodorovna) (6 June 1872 - 17 July 1918), was Empress consort of Russia as the spouse ofNicholas II, the last Emperor of the Russian Empire
General Alfred von Schlieffen
Alfred Graf von Schlieffen, mostly called Count Schlieffen was a German field marshal and strategist who served as Chief of the Imperial German General Staff from 1891 to 1906.
Gavrilo Princip
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914.
War of attrition
Attrition warfare is a military strategy in which a belligerent attempts to win a warby wearing down the enemy to the point of collapse through continuous losses in personnel and materiel.
Bolsheviks
Bolshevik, ( Russian: "One of the Majority") , plural Bolsheviks, or Bolsheviki, member of a wing of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party, which, led by Lenin, seized control of the government in Russia (October 1917) and became the dominant political power.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, OM, PC was a British Liberal politician and statesman.
Erich von Ludendorff
Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff was a German general, victor of Liège and of the Battle of Tannenberg.
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Franz Ferdinand was an Archduke of Austria-Este, Austro-Hungarian and Royal Prince of Hungary and of Bohemia, and from 1896 until his death, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne.
Friedrich Ebert
Friedrich Ebert was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany and the first President of Germany from 1919 until his death in office in 1925
Georges Clemenceau
Georges Benjamin Clemenceau was a French statesman who led the nation in the First World War. A leader of the Radical Party, he played a central role in politics during the Third Republic.
Grigori Rasputin
Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin was a Russian peasant, mystical faith healer and a trusted friend to the family of Nicholas II, the last Tsar of Russia.
Admiral Holtzendorff
Henning von Holtzendorff (January 9, 1853 - June 7, 1919) was a Germanadmiral during World War I who became famous for his December 1916 memo to Kaiser Wilhelm II about unrestricted submarine warfare against the United Kingdom.
Leon Trotsky
Leon Trotsky was a Marxist revolutionary and theorist, Soviet politician, and the founding leader of the Red Army. Trotsky initially supported the Menshevik Internationalists faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.
Mobilization
Mobilization is the act of assembling and making both troops and supplies ready for war. The word mobilization was first used, in a military context, in order to describe the preparation of the Russian army during the 1850s and 1860s.
Czar Nicholas 2
Nicholas II was the last Emperor of Russia, Grand Duke of Finland, and titular King of Poland. His official short title was Tsar Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias.
Soviets
Soviets (singular: soviet; Russian: сове́т, Russian pronunciation: [sɐˈvʲɛt], literally "council" in English) were political organizations and governmental bodies, primarily associated with the Russian Revolutions and the history of the SovietUnion, and which gave the name to the latter state.
Triple Alliance
The Triple Alliance was a militaryalliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. It lasted from 20 May 1882 until World War I in 1914. Each member promised mutual support in the event of an attack by any other great power, or, in the case of Germany and Italy, an attack by France alone.
Triple Etente
The Triple Entente (from French entente[ɑ̃tɑ̃t] "friendship, understanding, agreement") was the understanding linking the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente on 31 August 1907.
Lawrence of arabia
Thomas Edward Lawrence CB DSO was a British archaeologist, military officer, and diplomat. He was renowned for his liaison role during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign and the Arab Revolt against Ottoman Turkish rule of 1916-18.
Woodrow Wilson
Thomas Woodrow Wilson was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921.
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ( alias Lenin)
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, alias Lenin was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician, and political theorist.
War communism
War communism or militarycommunism (Russian: Военный коммунизм) was the economic and political system that existed in Soviet Russia during the Russian Civil War, from 1918 to 1921.
Emperor William 2
Wilhelm II or William II was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia, ruling the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918.
Trench warfare
a type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other.
Total war
a war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded. 2) a video game
Armistice
an agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce.
Mandate
an official order or commission to do something.
Conscription
compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces.
Propaganda
information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view
Reparation
the making of amends for a wrong one has done, by paying money to or otherwise helping those who have been wronged.