Chapter 23 History
Winston Churchill
A British politician who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.
WAC
A condition requiring a purchaser using financing to have adequate credit.
Hideki Tojo
A general of the Imperial Japanese Army, the leader of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association, and the 40th Prime Minister of Japan during much of World War II.
Atlantic Charter
A joint declaration released by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill on August 14, 1941 following a meeting of the two heads of state in Newfoundland.
Totalitarianism
A political system in which the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life wherever possible.
Spanish Civil War
A war fought in the late 1930s in Spain. On one side were the Loyalists, Spaniards loyal to a recently elected government in the form of a republic; on the other side were fascists led by General Francisco Franco.
Why did totalitarian states rise after World War I, and what did they do?
After WW1, a number of countries were burdened with a large number of unemployed (such as soldiers returning home) and weak economic conditions. Germany, in particular, had its economy devastated by the brutal reparations demanded by the Treaty of Versailles (which would later contribute to its aggression in WW2). The Great Depression would also begin in 1929, further exacerbating these issues.
Why did totalitarian states rise after World War I, and what did they do?
After WW1, a number of countries were burdened with a large number of unemployed (such as soldiers returning home) and weak economic conditions. Germany, in particular, had its economy devastated by the brutal reparations demanded by the Treaty of Versailles also the Great Depression added issues.
How did Americans react to events in Europe and Asia in the early years of World War II?
America was part of the lend-lease act where the United States had to supply the United Kingdom, China, the Soviet Union, and other Allied nations with war materials between 1941-1945.
Douglas MacArthur
An American five-star general and Field Marshal of the Philippine Army. He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II.
Adolf Hitler
An Austrian-born German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party. He was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.
Benito Mussolini
An Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party, ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 until his ousting in 1943.
Munich pact
An agreement between Britain and Germany in 1938, under which Germany was allowed to extend its territory into parts of Czechoslovakia in which German-speaking peoples lived.
Blitzkrieg
An intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory.
Battle of Coral Sea
Fought during 4-8 May 1942, was a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II between the Imperial Japanese Navy and naval and air forces from the United States and Australia.
Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, and Japan, which were allied before and during World War II.
Lend
Lease Act- Arrangement for the transfer of war supplies, including food, machinery, and services, to nations whose defense was considered vital to the defense of the United States in World War II.
How did the United States react to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?
The President and Congress immediately declared war against Japan.
Allied Powers
The victorious allied nations of World War I and World War II. In World War I, the Allies included Britain, France, Italy, Russia, and the United States.
Appeasement
To bring to a state of peace, quiet, ease, calm, or contentment.
Bataan Death March
U.S. surrender of the Bataan Peninsula on the main Philippine island of Luzon to the Japanese during World War II.
How did Americans react to events in Europe and Asia in the early years of World War II? America was part of the lend
lease act where the United States had to supply the United Kingdom, China, the Soviet Union, and other Allied nations with war materials between 1941-1945.
