Chapter 23 Nutrition Needs

Safety & comfort are important when feeding a person with dysphagia. You must:

- know signs & symptoms of dysphagia - feed the person according to care plan - report changes in how the person eats - report signs & symptoms of aspiration at once

A persons food was not served within 15 minutes. What should you do?

- re-check food temps - follow agency policy - if not at the correct temp, get fresh food

Balancing calories:

- eating less - avoiding over-sized portions

A poor diet and poor eating habits:

- increase the risk for disease & infection - cause chronic illnesses to become worse - cause healing problems - increase the risk for accidents & injuries

increasing certain foods:

- making half of your plate fruits & vegatables - making at least half of your grains whole grains - drinking fat-free or low-fat (1%) milk

1 gram of carbohydrates = ____ calories

4 calories

1 gram of protein = ____ calories

4 calories

Social dining?

4-6 residents, oriented, can feed themselves

1 gram of fat = ____ calories

9 calories

The 5 food groups are...

Grains, vegetable, fruit, dairy, protein foods

The MyPlate symbol encourages...

healthy eating from 5 food groups

Enternal Nutrition

giving nutrients into the gastro-intestinal tract through a feeding tube

Good nutrition is needed for...

growth, healing, & body functions

NPO

nothing per mouth

Sodium- controlled diets involve:

- Omitting high-sodium foods - Not adding salt to food at the table - Limiting the amount of salt used in cooking - Diet planning

Explain how illness can affect eating & nutrition.

- appetite decreases - nutrients lost through vomiting & diarrhea - nutritional needs increase

Reducing certain foods:

- choosing low-sodium foods - drinking water instead of sugary drinks

The USDA recommends that adults do at least 1 of the following weekly...

1. 2 hours & 30 minutes of MODERATE physical activity 2. 1 hour & 15 minutes of VIGOROUS physical activity Moderate - walking, dancing, water areobics Vigorous - running, heavy yard work, basketball

Which vitamins are stored by the body?

A,D,E, & K

Doctors order special diets for the following reasons:

A. nutritional deficiency or disease B. weight gain or loss C. to remove or decrease certain substances in the diet

What effect does aging have on the gastrointestinal system?

A. taste & smell dull B. appetite decreases C. secretion of digestive juice decreases

Fats, proteins, & carbohydrates provide...

fuel for energy

Aspiration

Breathing fluid, food, vomitus, or an object into the lungs

Gavage

The process of giving a tube feeding

Open dining?

a buffet is open for several hours. so resident can eat at any time while the buffet is open.

Nutrient

a substance that is injested, digested, absorbed, and used by the body

The amount needed from each food group depends on...

age, sex, & physical activity

A patient with dysphagia is sat up in a chair or bed for how long? To prevent aspiration.

at least 1 hour

Vitamins are needed for certain...

body functions The lack of certain vitamins results in illness.

Minerals are needed...

for bone & tooth formation, nerve & muscle formation, fluid balance. Foods containing calcium help prevent musculo - skeletal changes.

Risks from enteral nutrition?

diarrhea, constipation, delayed stomach emptying, & aspiration

Dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

Low-stimulation dining?

distractions are prevented health team decides where each person should sit

A resident eats slowly. The person complains that food will not go down. The person frequently coughs after swallowing. These are signs & symptoms of...

dysphagia

Fats provide...

energy

Carbohydrates provide...

energy & fiber for bowel elimination

Nutrients are grouped into...

fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, & water

Anorexia

loss of appetite

The person diet affects...

physical & mental well-being & function

Insulin is

produced & secreted by the pancreas. it lets the body use sugar.

The most important nutrient?

protein - it is needed for tissue growth & repair

Family dining?

residents serve & feed themselves

You are feeding a person with dysphagia. What observations do you need to report at once?

signs & symptoms of aspiration slow swallow - person has difficulty getting enough food & fluids for good nutrition & fluid balance unsafe swallow - aspiration

Explain why it is important for persons with diabetes to eat at regular times each day.

sugar builds up in the bloodstream

Regurgitation

the backward flow of stomach contents into the mouth

Calorie

the fuel or energy value of food

Nutrition

the processes involved in the ingestion, digestion, absorption, and use of foods and fluids by the body

Nasogastric (NG) tube

tube inserted through the nose into the stomach

Gastrostomy tube

tube is inserted through a surgically created opening in the stomach

To provide comfort, the meal setting must be free of...

unpleasant sights, sounds, & odors

What happens when there is too much sodium in the body.

water is retained