Chapter 24 questions

A patient is suffering from decreasing blood pressure, asymmetrical chest wall movement, and a narrow pulse pressure. You should have a high index of suspicion for which of the following conditions? A. Pneumothorax or hemothorax B. injury to the bones of the spinal column or spinal cord C. bruising to the brain D. significant bleeding or foreign bodies in the upper and lower airway

A

A small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. As you are approaching the vehicle, you note that the roof is significantly collapsed. The patient, a 29-year-old male, is complaining of severe pain in his neck and to the top of his head as well as numbness and tingling in his extremities. Witnesses who removed the patient from the vehicle state that he was wearing his seatbelt. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this patient's condition? A. Compression of the head against the roof B. Lateral bending of the neck during the crash C. Impact of the head against the steering wheel D. Whiplash injury to the neck during the rollover

A

During your assessment of a patient with a head injury, you note that he opens his eyes when you pinch his trapezius muscle, is mumbling, and has his arms curled in toward his chest. You should assign him a GCS score of: A. 7. B. 8. C. 9. D. 10.

A

Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. the speed of the fall. B. the surface struck C. the height of the fall. D. the primary impact point.

A

For the symptoms of noisy or labored breathing, decreasing or low GCS score, and a rapid, weak pulse, which of the following injuries would you expect? A. Significant bleeding or foreign bodies in the upper or lower airway. B. bruising to the brain and in and around brain tissue C. all of these answers are correct D. broken ribs

A

If a patient has a penetrating injury to the neck that results in an open wound, what should the EMT do? A. use occlusive dressing B. remove the impaled object C. all are correct D. administer low-flow oxygen

A

In which type of vehicle crash are you most likely to find a patient with whiplash injuries? A. rear-end B. rotational C. rollover D. frontal

A

The driver of a sport utility vehicle lost control and struck a utility pole head-on. The driver was killed instantly. The passenger, a young female, is conscious and alert and has several small abrasions and lacerations to her left forearm. Treatment for the passenger should include: A. transport to a trauma center. B. a focused exam of her forearm C. .transport to a community hospital D. .a secondary assessment at the scene.

A

Two of the MOST common mechanisms of injury for blunt trauma are: A. falls and motor vehicle collisions. B. low-caliber gunshot wounds and falls. C. gunshot wounds and vehicle ejections D. motor vehicle collisions and stabbings.

A

What level of trauma center provides prompt assessment, resuscitation, and stabilization of injured patients and emergency operations, but not definitive care for all patients? A. Level III B. Level IV C. Level II D. Level I

A

When a driver is in a car equipped with an air bag, but is not wearing a seatbelt, he or she will MOST likely strike the __________ when the air bag deploys upon impact. A. door B. dashboard C. windshield D. steering wheel

A

Which of the following has the greatest impact on producing injury? A. Speed B. Gravity C. Distance D. Mass

A

Which of the following is an example of a nonsignificant injury? A. injury to an isolated body part B. a fall from a 25-foot scaffold C. a motor vehicle accident with a car going 30 mph D. a shallow gunshot wound

A

Which of the following is important to do when treating a patient with penetrating trauma? A. Determine the length of the penetrating object. B. look for additional trauma C. measure the size of the tear in the tissue D. determine which organs would be affected

A

You are assessing a 10-year old boy who fell out of a tree. Evaluation of the MOI would concentrate on which of the following? A. The part of the body that struck the ground first B. Calculating the speed at which the child hit the ground C. the height from which the child fell D. the surface onto which the child fell

A, C, D

A 30-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the neck when he was attacked outside a nightclub. During your assessment, you should be MOST alert for: A. injury to the cervical spine B. potential airway compromise. C. damage to internal structures. D. alterations in his mental status.

B

In contrast to a Level III trauma center, a Level I trauma center must: A. be involved in trauma prevention programs. B. have general surgeons who are in-house 24 hours a day C. .have access to an emergency physician within 30 minutes. D. be able to stabilize patients before transferring to a higher level facility.

B

The energy of a moving object is called A. latent energy B. kinetic energy C. potential energy D. converted energy.

B

When assessing the interior of a crashed motor vehicle for damage, you are gathering information regarding the: A. index of suspicion. B. mechanism of injury. C. kinetic energy D. potential energy.

B

When evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car-versus-pedestrian collision, you should first: A. determine if the patient was propelled away from the vehicle B. approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian. C. evaluate the vehicle that struck the patient for structural damage. D. determine if the patient was struck and pulled under the vehicle.

B

Which of the following injuries can be used to assist in triaging patients because they indicate risk of pressure injuries to the lungs? A. subarachnoid injuries B. tympanic membrane injuries C. arterial air embolism D. disturbances in vision

B

Which of the following mnemonics works BEST when assessing a trauma patient? A. OPQRST B. DCAP-BTLS C. None of these are correct D. SAMPLE

B

Why should on-scene time be limited to 10 minutes or less for trauma patients? A. the patient is at high risk for hypovolemic shock B. Surgical intervention is usually required C. all of these are correct D. the patient may require a special team of health care providers

B

You are assessing a patient who opens her eyes when you speak to her, who can respond to you but seems confused as to time and place, and localizes pain. What is her Glasgow Coma Scale score? A. 15 B. 12 C. 7 D. 10

B

You are assessing a patient who was in a front-end car crash. His GCS is 12, systolic blood pressure is 81 mm Hg, and respiratory rate is 22 breaths/min. What is this patient's Revised Trauma Score? A. 7 B. 10 C. 12 D. 15

B

how many categories of trauma are there A. 3 B. 2 C. 4 D. 1

B

At what step in the ACS-COT/CDC updated field triage decision scheme would you assess mechanism of injury and evidence of high-energy impact? A. Step 2 B. Step 4 C. Step 3 D. Step 1

C

How many collisions are there in a typical vehicle impact? A. 2 B. 4 C. 3 D. 1

C

If a person is standing near a building that explodes, which of the following injuries would he or she MOST likely experience as a result of the pressure wave? A. Severe burns B. Fractured bones C. Stomach rupture D. Impaled objects

C

Internal injuries caused by gunshot wounds are difficult to predict because: A. the caliber of the bullet is frequently unknown. B. the area of damage is usually smaller than the bullet. C. the bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body. D. exit wounds caused by the bullet are usually small.

C

It is important to consider_____ as well as obvious injuries with any type of trauma. A. bloody B. fractures C. unseen D. complex

C

Passengers who are seated in the rear of a vehicle and are wearing only lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the _____________ spine during a rear-end crash. A. thoracic and sacral B. lumbar and coccygeal C. thoracic and lumbar D. lumbar and sacral

C

The phenomenon that results from the rapid changes in tissue and fluid pressure that occur with the passage of a projectile, resulting in serious injury to internal organs distant to the actual path of the bullet, is known as what? A. tumble B. fragmentation C. cavitation D. drag

C

When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should: A. use a demand valve to ventilate the patient. B. suspect an accompanying cardiac tamponade. C. avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure. D. administer large amounts of intravenous fluid.

C

Which of the following injuries would NOT be a primary blast injury? A. limb amputation B. rupture of eardrums C. suffocation D. disruption of major blood vessels

C

Which of the following occurs when a medium- or high-velocity object enters the body and creates rapid changes in tissue and fluid pressure that occur with the passage of the projectile? A. blunt trauma B. penetrating trauma C. cavitation D. none of these

C

Which of the following patients has experienced the MOST significant fall? A. a 4′8″ patient who fell 12 feet B. a 5′0″ patient who fell 13 feet C. a 4′6″ patient who fell 13 feet D. a 5′9″ patient who fell 14 feet

C

Which of the following statements regarding the first collision that occurs during a motor vehicle crash is correct? A. It provides the least amount of information about the mechanism of injury. B. It has a direct effect on patient care because of the obvious vehicular damage. C. It is the most dramatic part of the collision and may make extrication difficult. D. It occurs when the unrestrained occupant collides with the interior of the vehicle.

C

Which of the following would MOST likely result from the third collision in the three-collision effect that occurs during a high-speed, frontal impact, motor vehicle collision? A. Massive external trauma with severe bleeding B. extensive damage to the automobile C. Aortic rupture or compression injury to the brain D. flail chest and lower extremity fractures

C

While assessing a young male who was struck in the chest with a steel pipe, you note that his pulse is rapid and irregular. You should be MOST suspicious for: A. underlying cardiac disease. B. a lacerated coronary artery. C. bruising of the heart muscle. D. traumatic rupture of the aorta.

C

You would use the Revised Trauma Score scoring system for a patient if there is potential for what type of trauma? A. Abdominal B. Extremity C. Head D. Chest

C

kinetic energy is a calculation of A. Force and weight B. Speed and force C. mass and velocity D. weight and size

C

According to the Journal of safety research, which type of crash causes approximately 30% of all fatalities that occur in motor vehicle crashes? A. Rotational B. Rear-end crashes C. Rollover D. Lateral

D

All of the following are concepts of energy, EXCEPT: A. kinetic energy B. potential energy C. the energy of work D. expressed energy

D

All of the following are criteria that can help identify a critically injured patient, EXCEPT: A. decreased LOC B. any threats to ABC C. dangerous MOI D. injuries to head

D

Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the EMT to: A. determine the vehicle's speed at the time of impact. B. assess the severity of the third collision of the crash. C. recognize if the driver hit the brakes before impact D. identify contact points and predict potential injuries.

D

The body has increasing difficulty in compensating for shock and traumatic injuries after how long? A. 45 min B. 10 min C. 30 min D. 60 min

D

In the case of a motor vehicle crash, the energy of the speeding vehicle is converted into the work of stopping the vehicle, which is accomplished by: A. the friction between the car and the ground B. none of these answers are correct C. collapsing the vehicles interior D. crushing the vehicles exterior

D

What type of blast injury occurs when objects are propelled by the force of the blast wave and strike the victim, causing injury? A. Tertiary B. Quaternary C. Primary D. Secondary

D

When assessing a patient who fell, you need to estimate all of the following, EXCEPT: A. the height from which the patient fell B. The surface he or she landed on C. all of these are correct D. the speed at which the person hit the ground

D

When caring for victims of traumatic injuries, what should an EMT do to avoid delays in treatment and transport? A. send as many units as available B. all are correct C. keep hospitals informed of treatment decisions D. call for ALS and helicopter assistance early

D

Which category of blast injuries includes mental health emergencies? A. Secondary B. Primary C. Tertiary D. Quaternary

D

Which level of trauma center would fit the definition that includes "able to provide prompt assessment, resuscitation, and stabilization of injured patients and emergency operations"? A. Level IV B. Level II C. Level I D. Level III

D

Which of the following could be considered a secondary blast injury? A. disruption of major blood vessels caused by the pressure wave B. an injury caused when the patient falls to the ground C. burns from hot gases or flames D. injuries sustained when flying debris strikes the victim.

D

Which of the following is NOT true regarding digital photos of a crash scene? A. Photos may need to be deleted after review by heath care providers B. photos may become part of the medical record C. photos may provide valuable information to treating physicians D. photos can be shared over social media

D

Which of the following might be the only sign of blunt trauma? A. skin abraision B. marks on skin C. skin lacerations D. skin discoloration

D

Which of the following statements regarding low-energy penetrating injuries is correct? A. Internal injuries caused by low-velocity bullets are usually easy to predict. B. Exit wounds are typically easy to locate with low-energy penetrating injuries. C. It is usually easy to differentiate between an entrance wound and an exit wound. D. The area of injury is usually close to the path the object took through the body

D

Which of the following would be considered a significant mechanism of injury? A. A car-versus-pedestrain accident greater than 15 mph B. Death of an occupant in the vehicle C. Motor vehicle collision greater than 40 mph or motorcycles crashes greater than 20 mph D. all of these are correct

D

Which of the following would be considered multi system trauma? A. Chest and multiple extremity trauma B. Head and spinal trauma C. Chest and abdominal trauma D. all of these are correct

D

Which of the following would cause blunt trauma? A. none of these B. gunshot would C. a stab wound D. a motor vehicle collision

D

Which of these reasons would be an appropriate use of emergency air medical services for trauma patients? A. Traffic conditions or hospital availability make it unlikely that the patient will get to trauma center via ground within ideal time frame. B. There is a mass casualty incident C. Distance to the trauma center is greater than 20 to 25 miles D. all of these are correct

D