Chapter 25

If physician is teaching a group of medical students about the physiological basis for damage to the circulatory and neurological systems that can accompany hypertension. Which of the following responses by a student would warrant correction by the physician?

Tensions and vessel thickness increases proportionally. (Tension and vessel wall thickness or inversely proportionate, and that thinner blood vessels have greater tension and vice versa.)

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be experiencing vasodilation?

A 51-year-old man with a history of hypertension who is taking a medication that blocks the effect of the rain and angiotensin aldosterone system. (Angiotensin is a potent vasoconstrictor, and medications a block this induced vasodilation.)

In which of the following situations with blood most likely rapidly relocate from central circulation to the lower extremities?

A client is helped out of bed and stands up. (During a change in body position, blood Is rapidly relocated from the central circulation when the patient is recumbent to the lower extremities when the patient stands up).

An 81-year-old female client of a long-term care facility has a history of congestive heart failure. The nurse practitioner caring for the client has positioned her sitting up at an angle in bed and is observing her jugular venous distention. Why is jugular venous distention a useful indicator of the assessment of the clients condition?

Blood backs up into the jugular vein because there are no valves at the point of entry into the heart.

A patient in the emergency department is experiencing a massive stroke with extremely low blood flow to the brain exhibited by blood pressure less than 60. The nurse suddenly note so there's a sharp rise in blood pressure to 250. The high blood pressure lost about five minutes and then the blood pressure drop sharply again. The Pathophysiological principle behind this is likely due to the

CNS ischemic response

In the I see you, the nurse here's an emergency cardiac monitor go off. The nurse looked at the telemetry a notice is the patient has gone into ventricular tachycardia. The nurse will likely assess for signs and symptoms

Decrease in cardiac output due to less ventricular filling time.

Well I debated for surgery, a patient has inadvertently Had his Vegas nerve stimulated. What effect with the surgical team expect to observe?

Decreased heart rate as a result of para sympathetic innervation of the heart.

When explaining to a patient why he only had minimal muscle damage following 99% occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, the nurse will explain this is primarily due to

Development of collateral circulation that builds channels between some of the smaller arteries when the flow is decreased gradually

A 72-year-old female has been told by her physician that she has a new heart murmur that requires her to visit a cardiologist. Upon examination, the cardiologist informed the patient that she has aortic stenosis. After the cardiologist has left the room, the patient asked what caused this aortic stenosis to happen now? The nurse response

Heart murmurs result from tumultuous flow through a diseased heart valve that is too narrow and stiff. This flow causes a vibration called a murmur.

A patient is experiencing impaired circulation secondary to increase his stomach atrial pressure. Which of the following statements is the most relevant phenomenon?

Hi afterload because of back pressure against the left ventricle.

Patient arrived at the emergency department two days after the development of chest pressure and tightness was treated with anti-acids thinking it was indigestion. His enzyme show a massive myocardial infarction. Following angioplasty, the patient ask why so much muscle as damage if only one vessel is blocked, the left circumflex. The nurse response

If a major artery like the circumflex is included, the smaller vessel supplied by that vessel cannot be restored the blood flow.

A client has suffered damage to his pericardium following a motor vehicle accident. Which consequence could be possible complication of damage pericardium that his care provider should assess for?

Impaired regulation of myocardial contraction.

A 51-year-old patient with a history of alcohol abuse and liver disease has low serum levels of albumin and present with ascites or excess fluid in his peritoneal space and jaundice. A healthcare professional and recognize that which of the following processes is most likely underlying his health problems?

Insufficient of human is causing insufficient absorption of fluid into the capillaries.

A nurse is using a stethoscope and blood pressure cuff to manually measure a clients blood pressure. The nurse knows that which of the following facts related to blood flow underlies the ability to hear blood pressure by auscultation or listening?

Pressure pill station that exceeds the velocity of blood flow is audible and coincide with systolic blood pressure.

When trying to explain to a new dialysis patient the movement of substances through the capillary pours, the nurse will explain that in the kidneys, the glomerular capillaries have

Small openings that allow large amounts of smaller molecules substances to filter through the glam your life

As part of a pre-surgical teaching for patients who are about to undergo a coronary artery bypass graft, a nurse is performing an education session with a group of surgical candidate. Which of the following teaching points best conveys an aspect of the human circulatory system?

The blood pressure varies widely between arteries and veins in between pulmonary and systemic circulation.

A pathologist is examining histological tissue samples from a client with an auto immune disease. Which of the following characteristics of muscle samples with signal the pathologist that the samples are cardiac rather than skeletal muscle?

The cells have a poorly defined Sarco plasmic reticulum.

As part of their orientation to cardiac care unit, a group of recent nursing graduate is receiving a refresher in cardiac physiology from the unit educator. Which of the following teaching points best captures a component of cardiac function?

The diastolic phase is characterized by relaxation of ventricles and they're filling with blood.

Analysis has shown that a clients right atrial pressure is 30 mm Hg. What is the most likely conclusion that the clients care team will draw from this piece of data?

The pressure is excessive given that the right atrium should be at atmospheric pressure. Normal right atrial pressure is around zero mm hg, or atmospheric pressure

Which of the following statements most accurately captures a principle of blood flow?

With constant pressure, a small increase in vessel radius results in an exponential increase in blood flow.

During an automobile accident where the patient is bleeding heavily, which vascular component is the most distensible and can Store large quantities of blood that can be returned to the circulation at this time of need?

veins