Urinary system chapter 7 notes

Orange

You may not be drinking enough water, or you could have a liver or bile duct condition, or it could be food dye.

Amber or honey

Your body isn't getting enough water. Need to drink some more water.

foley catheter

a cather for a man.

Lithotripsy

a treatment, typically using ultrasound shock waves, by which a kidney stone or other calculus is broken into small particles that can be passed out by the body.

albumin/o

albumin

Antidiuretic hormone

(ADH)

Blood Urea Nitrogen

(BUN)

Culture and Sensitivity testing

(C&S)

Uric acid

Nitrongenous waste product excreted in the urine

Dark Yellow

Normal Urine but need to drink some more water.

Ureter

One of two tubes leading from the kidneys

Filitration

Process whereby some substances pass through a filter

Nitrogenous wastes

Produced when foods containing proteins are used by cells in the body as nitrogenous wastes • Examples: Urea Creatinine, and Uric acid

Retrograde Pyelogram

RP: Usually done at the same time as a cystogram; Contrast is inserted to visualize the bladder, ureter and kidney.

hypernephroma

Renal cell carcinoma- is a cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood.

Reabsorption:

Renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.

Arteriole

Small artery

Bladder cancer

associated with: age, occupational exposure, smoking, genetics, low fluid consumption, Chronic UTIs ( 0-4stages)

bacteri/o

bacteria

kidney

bean-shaped organs that filter nitrogenous wastes into urine.

Enuresis

bedwetting

cyst/o

bladder

Cali/o, calic/o

calyx (calix); cup shaped

Electrolyte

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water

Calyx or calix

cuplike collecting region of the renal pelvis; the term comes from the greek, kalux, meaning a cup or case surrounding a flower bud

glomerul/o

glomerulus

Medulla

inner region of an organ; the term comes from the Latin, medulla, meaning narrow

ket/o, keton/o

ketone bodies

nephr/o

kidney

ren/o

kidney

meat/o

meatus

noct/o

night

azot/o

nirtogen

meatus

opening or canal

kal/o

potassium

pH

potential hydrogen; degree of acidity or alkalinity

Urination

process of expelling urine: also called micturition (voiding)

pyel/o

renal pelvis

How kidneys produce urine

1. Blood enters the kidneys through the right and left renal arteries 2.Arterioles carry blood to the capillaries 3. Glomeruli filter the blood.

Functions of the Kidney

1. Filter nitrogenous wastes to form urine; about 200 quarts of blood are filtered every day to form 2 quarts of urine 2. Maintain proper balance of water, electrolytes (sodium, potassium), and acids essential for proper nerve and muscle function. 3. Release hormones: • Renin: enzymatic hormone important in adjusting blood pressure • Erythropoietin (EPO): hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow • Calciferol: active form of vitamin D necessary for the absorption of calcium from the intestine 4. Degrade and eliminate hormones from the bloodstream

Glomerulis

1. Filter the blood

Urine formation

1. Glomerular filtration 2. Tubular reabsorption 3. Tubular secretion

Urinalysis (UA)

test for urine looks for WBCs, Appearance, pH, Proteinm Glucose, Specific gravity (SG), Ketone bodies, Sediment, Phenylketonuria, and Bilirubin.

Transparent Yellow

the color of your urine, it is clear and normal

dips/o

thrist

-tripsy

to crush

trigon/o

trigone

Catheter

tube for injecting or removing fluid

Urethra

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

vesic/o

urinary bladder

Nocturia

urination at night

-uria

urination; urine condition

Urine formation. cont

• The glomerulus and a renal tubule combine to form a unit called a nephron. • ~ 1,000,000 nephrons in each kidney.

Continuous ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

(CAPD) Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is done to remove wastes, chemicals, and extra fluid from your body. During CAPD, a liquid called dialysate is put into your abdomen through a catheter (thin tube). The dialysate pulls wastes, chemicals, and extra fluid from your blood through the peritoneum. The peritoneum is a thin lining on the inside of your abdomen. The peritoneum works like a filter as the wastes are pulled through it. The process of filling and emptying your abdomen with dialysate is called an exchange. Exchanges may be done 3 to 5 times during the day, and once during the night

Chronic Kidney Disease

(CKD)

End-stage renal disease

(ESRD)

Hemodialysis

(HD)

potassium

(K+)an electrolyte

Sodium

(Na+) Sodium, an elctrolyte

Voiding cystourethrogram

(VCUG)The bladder is filled with contrast material.

Glomerulus and Bowman capsule

1.Blood passes through the glomeruli 2. Glomerular (Bowman) capsule surrounds each glomerulus 3. Renal tubule is attached to each Bowman capsule

glomeruli

2. filter the blood

UTI

A urinary tract infection in any part of your urinary sytem - your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.

Urine formation cont.

All collecting tubules lead to the renal pelvis. Calyces or calices are small, cuplike regions of the renal pelvis; the term comes from the Greek, kalux, meaning a cup or case surrounding a flower bud

Potassium (k+)

An electrolyte regulated by the kidney.

Sodium (Na+)

An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; a common form of sodium is sodium chloride (salt)

Cytitis

Bacterial infections often cause acute or chronic cystitis. In acute cystitis, the bladder contains blood as a result of mucosal hemorrhage

Renal vein.

Blood vessel that carries blood AWAY from the kidney.

Renal artery

Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney.

Computed tomography.

CT

Cath

Catheter; catherization

Renal pelvis

Central collection region in the kidney

Hyronephrosis

Condition of excess fluid (water) in the kidney. Obstruction of urine flow may be caused by renal calculi (stones)

Hilum

Depression in the part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave; comes from the Latin meaning a small thing

Cystoscopy

Direct visual examination of the urinary bladder with an endoscope

Hemodialysis

HD :kidney dialysis (the separation of particles in a liquid on the basis of differences in their ability to pass through a membrane.)

Renin

Hormone secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure.

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate production of red blood cells by bone marrow; -poietin means a substance that forms.

Intravenous Pyelogram

IVP

Pyelonephroitis

Infection/Inflammation of the kidneys typically produced by bacterial infection that starts In the bladder. Can destroy Renal tissue.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

MRI urography: A changing magnetic field produces images of an organ and surrounding structures in three planes of the body.

Urea

Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

Renal tubules

Microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filitration

Polycystic kidney Disease (PKD)

The kidneys contain masses of cysts. (lots of sacs on the kidney)Typically polycystic kidneys weigh 20 time more than their usual weight.

Trigone

Triangular are in the urinary bladder

UTI

Urinary tract infection

olig/o

scanty

natr/o

sodium

lth/o

stone

calculi

stones

Glomerulus capsule

structure surrounding each glomerulus; also called Bow man capsule.

-poietin

substance that forms