Urinary system chapter 7 notes
Orange
You may not be drinking enough water, or you could have a liver or bile duct condition, or it could be food dye.
Amber or honey
Your body isn't getting enough water. Need to drink some more water.
foley catheter
a cather for a man.
Lithotripsy
a treatment, typically using ultrasound shock waves, by which a kidney stone or other calculus is broken into small particles that can be passed out by the body.
albumin/o
albumin
Antidiuretic hormone
(ADH)
Blood Urea Nitrogen
(BUN)
Culture and Sensitivity testing
(C&S)
Uric acid
Nitrongenous waste product excreted in the urine
Dark Yellow
Normal Urine but need to drink some more water.
Ureter
One of two tubes leading from the kidneys
Filitration
Process whereby some substances pass through a filter
Nitrogenous wastes
Produced when foods containing proteins are used by cells in the body as nitrogenous wastes • Examples: Urea Creatinine, and Uric acid
Retrograde Pyelogram
RP: Usually done at the same time as a cystogram; Contrast is inserted to visualize the bladder, ureter and kidney.
hypernephroma
Renal cell carcinoma- is a cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood.
Reabsorption:
Renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.
Arteriole
Small artery
Bladder cancer
associated with: age, occupational exposure, smoking, genetics, low fluid consumption, Chronic UTIs ( 0-4stages)
bacteri/o
bacteria
kidney
bean-shaped organs that filter nitrogenous wastes into urine.
Enuresis
bedwetting
cyst/o
bladder
Cali/o, calic/o
calyx (calix); cup shaped
Electrolyte
chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water
Calyx or calix
cuplike collecting region of the renal pelvis; the term comes from the greek, kalux, meaning a cup or case surrounding a flower bud
glomerul/o
glomerulus
Medulla
inner region of an organ; the term comes from the Latin, medulla, meaning narrow
ket/o, keton/o
ketone bodies
nephr/o
kidney
ren/o
kidney
meat/o
meatus
noct/o
night
azot/o
nirtogen
meatus
opening or canal
kal/o
potassium
pH
potential hydrogen; degree of acidity or alkalinity
Urination
process of expelling urine: also called micturition (voiding)
pyel/o
renal pelvis
How kidneys produce urine
1. Blood enters the kidneys through the right and left renal arteries 2.Arterioles carry blood to the capillaries 3. Glomeruli filter the blood.
Functions of the Kidney
1. Filter nitrogenous wastes to form urine; about 200 quarts of blood are filtered every day to form 2 quarts of urine 2. Maintain proper balance of water, electrolytes (sodium, potassium), and acids essential for proper nerve and muscle function. 3. Release hormones: • Renin: enzymatic hormone important in adjusting blood pressure • Erythropoietin (EPO): hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow • Calciferol: active form of vitamin D necessary for the absorption of calcium from the intestine 4. Degrade and eliminate hormones from the bloodstream
Glomerulis
1. Filter the blood
Urine formation
1. Glomerular filtration 2. Tubular reabsorption 3. Tubular secretion
Urinalysis (UA)
test for urine looks for WBCs, Appearance, pH, Proteinm Glucose, Specific gravity (SG), Ketone bodies, Sediment, Phenylketonuria, and Bilirubin.
Transparent Yellow
the color of your urine, it is clear and normal
dips/o
thrist
-tripsy
to crush
trigon/o
trigone
Catheter
tube for injecting or removing fluid
Urethra
tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
vesic/o
urinary bladder
Nocturia
urination at night
-uria
urination; urine condition
Urine formation. cont
• The glomerulus and a renal tubule combine to form a unit called a nephron. • ~ 1,000,000 nephrons in each kidney.
Continuous ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
(CAPD) Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is done to remove wastes, chemicals, and extra fluid from your body. During CAPD, a liquid called dialysate is put into your abdomen through a catheter (thin tube). The dialysate pulls wastes, chemicals, and extra fluid from your blood through the peritoneum. The peritoneum is a thin lining on the inside of your abdomen. The peritoneum works like a filter as the wastes are pulled through it. The process of filling and emptying your abdomen with dialysate is called an exchange. Exchanges may be done 3 to 5 times during the day, and once during the night
Chronic Kidney Disease
(CKD)
End-stage renal disease
(ESRD)
Hemodialysis
(HD)
potassium
(K+)an electrolyte
Sodium
(Na+) Sodium, an elctrolyte
Voiding cystourethrogram
(VCUG)The bladder is filled with contrast material.
Glomerulus and Bowman capsule
1.Blood passes through the glomeruli 2. Glomerular (Bowman) capsule surrounds each glomerulus 3. Renal tubule is attached to each Bowman capsule
glomeruli
2. filter the blood
UTI
A urinary tract infection in any part of your urinary sytem - your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.
Urine formation cont.
All collecting tubules lead to the renal pelvis. Calyces or calices are small, cuplike regions of the renal pelvis; the term comes from the Greek, kalux, meaning a cup or case surrounding a flower bud
Potassium (k+)
An electrolyte regulated by the kidney.
Sodium (Na+)
An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; a common form of sodium is sodium chloride (salt)
Cytitis
Bacterial infections often cause acute or chronic cystitis. In acute cystitis, the bladder contains blood as a result of mucosal hemorrhage
Renal vein.
Blood vessel that carries blood AWAY from the kidney.
Renal artery
Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney.
Computed tomography.
CT
Cath
Catheter; catherization
Renal pelvis
Central collection region in the kidney
Hyronephrosis
Condition of excess fluid (water) in the kidney. Obstruction of urine flow may be caused by renal calculi (stones)
Hilum
Depression in the part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave; comes from the Latin meaning a small thing
Cystoscopy
Direct visual examination of the urinary bladder with an endoscope
Hemodialysis
HD :kidney dialysis (the separation of particles in a liquid on the basis of differences in their ability to pass through a membrane.)
Renin
Hormone secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure.
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate production of red blood cells by bone marrow; -poietin means a substance that forms.
Intravenous Pyelogram
IVP
Pyelonephroitis
Infection/Inflammation of the kidneys typically produced by bacterial infection that starts In the bladder. Can destroy Renal tissue.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MRI urography: A changing magnetic field produces images of an organ and surrounding structures in three planes of the body.
Urea
Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
Renal tubules
Microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filitration
Polycystic kidney Disease (PKD)
The kidneys contain masses of cysts. (lots of sacs on the kidney)Typically polycystic kidneys weigh 20 time more than their usual weight.
Trigone
Triangular are in the urinary bladder
UTI
Urinary tract infection
olig/o
scanty
natr/o
sodium
lth/o
stone
calculi
stones
Glomerulus capsule
structure surrounding each glomerulus; also called Bow man capsule.
-poietin
substance that forms
