Chapter 25 and Chapter 26

bacterial flagella

a filament composed of flagellin + a basal body that anchors and rotates the flagellum + a hook that connects the two --> may have 1 or 2 or many

What would be the consequences for eukaryotes if all prokaryotes suddenly became extinct?

Eukaryotes depend on prokaryotes to make up their microbiota. Also, consider the ecological and industrial roles prokaryotes play.

Forams

secrete many-chambered tests with pores through which cytoplasmic extensions project

Rhizobial bacteria

form mutualistic relationships with the roots of legumes and fix nitrogen

Which of the following is not true of the protists?

they are prokaryotic, as bacteria and archaea are

Which of the following do not belong to domain Archaea?

bacteriophages

Kelps are with multicellular bodies differentiated into blades, stipes, holdfasts, and gas-filled floats.

brown algae

Paramecium and other ciliates often display a sexual phenomenon called

conjugation

Molecular evidence supports the view that all plastids evolved from an ancient

cyanobacterium

Photosynthetic protists with shells composed of two halves that fit together like a petri dish are

diatoms

Conjugation

A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer. two bacterial cells of different mating types come together, and genetic material is transferred from one to another

Endospores

A thick-walled protective spore that forms inside a bacterial cell and resists harsh conditions.

Cellular slime molds

A type of protist that has unicellular amoeboid cells and a multicellular reproductive body in its life cycle form a slug when cells aggregate in response to cyclic AMP

Parasitic alveolates that form spores at some stage in their life belong to which group?

Apicomplexans

Imagine that you discover a new microorganism. After careful study you determine that it should be classified in domain Archaea. What characteristics might lead you to this decision?

Characteristics of archaea are no peptidoglycan in their cell walls, plasma membranes with branched-chain hydrocarbons (synthesized from isoprene units) bonded to glycerol by ether linkages, and flagella structurally different from bacteria.

Robert Koch

Developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens. proposed a set of guidelines to demonstrate that a specific pathogen causes specific disease symptoms

The cell walls of Bacteria consist of

Peptidoglycan

Why are the protists considered paraphyletic?

They include some but not all descendants of their most recent common ancestor.

Which group of bacteria contains the gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium that causes botulism?

clostridia

The majority of heterotrophic bacteria are

free living chemoheterotrophs obtain both carbon and energy from dead organic matter.

The pigments, energy reserve products, and cell walls found in land plants are also characteristic of

green algae

Malaria

is caused by an apicomplexan that spends part of its life cycle in the Anopheles mosquito and part in humans

Bacteria that are autotrophs

manufacture their own organic molecules from simple raw materials

Bacteria that thrive in puncture wounds are likely to be

obligate anaerobes organism which can only live in environments which lack oxygen.

Water molds reproduce asexually by forming ______ and sexually by forming ________

zoospores; oospores