Chapter 25: Metabolism

Obesity is defined as a body weight more than ________ percent above the ideal body weight for an individual. 5 10 15 20 30

20

Approximately how many ATP molecules are generated by aerobic respiration? (theoretical yield) 2 4 30 36 none of these

36

Deficiency in this vitamin can result in a condition called scurvy. A C B1 B12 D

C

Although other nutrients can feed into the citric acid cycle, ________ yields energy the quickest. glycogen glucose protein fat all of these have the same rate.

Glucose

The vitamin that is essential for the production of several clotting factors is vitamin A. B. C. E. K.

K

The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called glycolysis. oxidative phosphorylation. catabolism. anabolism. metabolism

Metabolism

During aerobic respiration, the pyruvic acid is taken up by the _____.

Mitochondria

The Krebs cycle occurs in the _____.

Mitochondria

When the body is relying on internal energy reserves to continue meeting its energy demands, it is in the postabsorptive state. absorptive state. starvation state. deprivation state. preabsorptive state.

Postabsorptive State

Reactions within ________ provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell. cytoplasm the plasma membrane the mitochondria the endoplasmic reticulum none of the above

The mitochondria

Impaired fat absorption in the intestine would interfere with the absorption of vitamin A. vitamin B12. vitamin C. niacin. riboflavin.

Vitamin A

The food pyramid recommends many servings a day of dark-green and orange vegetables. Which vitamin is particularly abundant in this food group? A C E folic acid all of these

all of these

Wally decides to go on a hunger strike to further one of his favorite causes. After many days with nothing but water you would expect to observe elevated levels of glucocorticoids. ketone bodies in his urine. lowered blood pH. all of these none of these

all of these

The vitamin that plays a role in maintaining epithelia and is required for the synthesis of visual pigments is vitamin A. B. C. D. E.

A

What molecule is the common branch point for either the anaerobic or aerobic pathway? glucose lactic acid PGAL pyruvate

pyruvate

Which term can be described as the major end product of glycolysis?

pyruvate

Inadequate exposure to sunlight could result in decreased amounts of vitamin ________ in the body. A B12 C D E

D

Cells must synthesize new organic compounds to support growth. to perform structural maintenance or repairs. to produce secretions. to store nutrient reserves. all of these

all of these

The citric acid cycle begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid. directly produces most of the ATP from the catabolism of glucose. consumes two moles of carbon dioxide. contains enzymes called cytochromes. forms acetyl-CoA from glucose-6-phosphate.

begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid.

What is a metabolic by-product of aerobic respiration? lactic acid oxygen carbon dioxide pyruvate

carbon deoxide

The metabolic reaction chain that splits glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid is called ___. glycolysis lipolysis citric acid cycle photosynthesis

glycolysis

A disorder caused by the ingestion of excessive quantities of a fat-soluble vitamin is known as protein deficiency disease. Kwashiorkor. avitaminosis. carbohydrate loading. hypervitaminosis.

hypervitaminosis