Chapter 26: Bleeding

Which of the following is NOT a cause of non traumatic internal bleeding?

Laceration

Which of the following inhibits the body's ability to control bleeding?

Medications that interfere with normal clotting

The first sign of hypovolemic shock is a change in:

Mental Status

Blood leaves each chamber of a normal heart through a(n):

One-Way Valve

When applying a bandage to hold a dressing in place, stretch the bandage tight enough to control the bleeding. You should still be able to _____ after the bandage is secure.

Palpate a Distal Pulse

All organs depend on the _____ to provide a rich blood supply.

heart

The process of blood clotting and plugging the hole is called:

Coagulation

The _____ only require(s) a minimal blood supply when at rest.

skeletal muscles

A systolic blood pressure of less than _____ mm Hg with a weak, rapid pulse suggests the presence of hypoperfusion in a patient who may have significant bleeding.

100

The body will not tolerate an acute blood loss of greater than _____ of blood volume.

20%

The brain and spinal cord usually cannot go for more than _____ minutes without perfusion, or the nerve cells will be permanently damaged.

4 to 6

The cardiovascular system consists of all of the following EXCEPT:

A battery

Artery

A blood vessel, consisting of three layers of tissue and smooth muscle that carries blood away from the heart.

Contusion

A bruise from an injury that causes bleeding beneath the skin without breaking the skin; also see ecchymosis.

Ecchymosis

A buildup of blood beneath the skin that produces a characteristic blue or black discoloration as the result of an injury; also see contusion.

Hypovolemic Shock

A condition in which low blood volume results in inadequate perfusion.

Hypovolemic Shock

A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inadequate perfusion.

Shock

A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions; also called hypoperfusion.

Hypoperfusion

A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions; also called shock.

Hemophilia

A congenital condition in which a patient lacks one or more of the blood's normal clotting factors

Junctional Tourniquet

A device that provides proximal compression of severe bleeding near the axial or inguinal junction with the torso.

Pelvic Binder

A device to splint the bony pelvis to reduce hemorrhage from bone ends, venous disruption, and pain.

Hemostatic Dressing

A dressing impregnated with a chemical compound that slows or stops bleeding by assisting with clot formation.

Hemophilia

A hereditary condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the blood's normal clotting factors.

Open-Book Pelvic Fracture

A life-threatening fracture of the pelvis caused by a force that displaces one or both sides of the pelvis laterally and posteriorly.

Hematoma

A mass of blood in the soft tissues beneath the skin

Hematoma

A mass of blood that has collected within damaged tissue beneath the skin or in a body cavity.

Epistaxis

A nosebleed

Epistaxis

A nosebleed.

When treating a patient with signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock and no outward signs of bleeding, always consider the possibly of bleeding into the:

Abdomen

The most common symptom of internal bleeding?

Acute Abdominal Pain

Ecchymosis

Bruising

What part of the human body helps the cardiovascular system adapt to changes in order to maintain homeostasis?

Automatic Nervous System

Melena

Black, foul-smelling, tarry stool containing digested blood.

Hemorrhage

Bleeding

Hemorrhage

Bleeding.

Pulmonary Artery

Blood flow to the left and right lungs

Hematuria

Blood in the urine.

_____ are small tubes that are about the same diameter as a single red blood cell.

Capillaries

_____ blood is dark red and oozes from a wound steadily but slowly.

Capillary

Blood contains all of the following EXCEPT:

Cerebrospinal Fluid

When using an air splint to control bleeding in a fracture extremity, you should reassess the _____ frequently.

Circulation in the injured extremity

A properly applied tourniquet should be loosened by the EMT every 10 minutes.

False

A tourniquet is always required for massive, spurting blood loss.

False

If a wound continues to bleed after it is bandaged, you should remove the bandage and start over again.

False

The first step in controlling external bleeding is applying pressure to the proximal artery.

False

The human body is tolerant of blood losses of greater than 20% of blood volume.

False

Venous blood tends to spurt and is difficult to control.

False

_____ is vomited blood.

Hematemisis

Signs and symptoms of internal bleeding in both trauma and medical patients include:

Hematemsis

A lack of one or more of the blood's clotting factors is called:

Hemophilia

_____ shock is a condition in which low blood volume results in inadequate perfusion or even death.

Hypovolemic

_____ bleeding is any bleeding in a cavity or space inside the body.

Internal

_____ is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs for oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal.

Perfusion

_____ is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' currentness for oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal.

Perfusion

_____ are the key to the formation of blood clots.

Platelets

Blood enters the left atrium from the:

Pulmonary Veins

Which of the following is NOT a factor in the formation of blood clots?

Pumping function of the heart

If bleeding continues after applying a pressure dressing, you should do all of the following EXCEPT:

Remove the dressing and apply another sterile dressing

Pulmonary Vein

Returns oxygen-rich blood form the lungs to the left atrium

_____ is inadequate tissue perfusion.

Shock

You respond to a 25-year-old man who has cut his arm with a circular saw. The bleeding appears to be bright red and spurting. The patient is alert and oriented and converses with you freely. He appears to be stable at this point. What is your first step in controlling his bleeding?

Standard Precautions

Tourniquet

The bleeding control method used when a wound continues to bleed despite the use of direct pressure; useful if a patient is bleeding severely from a partial or complete amputation.

Veins

The blood vessels that carry blood from the tissues to the heart.

Perfusion

The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the current needs of the cells.

Hemoptysis

The coughing up of blood.

Coagulation

The formation of clot to pull an opening in an injured blood vessel, stopping blood flow

Coagulation

The formation of clots to plug openings in injured blood vessels and stop blood flow.

Aorta

The largest artery in the body

Ventricle

The lower chamber

Vasoconstriction

The narrowing of a blood vessel, such as with hypoperfusion or cold extremities.

Capillaries

The small blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules; various substances pass through capillary walls, into and out of the interstitial fluid, and then on to the cells.

Atrium

The upper chamber

The first step in preparing to treat a bleeding patient is standard precautions.

True

You should only loosen a tourniquet if instructed to do so by medical control.

True

You should provide high-flow oxygen whenever you suspect internal bleeding and signs of shock are present.

True

Blood enters the right atrium from the:

Vena Cava

Venules

Very small, thin-walled blood vessels.

Hematemesis

Vomited blood.

Heart

Works as two paired pumps

Life-threatening external bleeding demands your immediate attention, even before the _____ has been managed.

airway

The _____ _____ system monitors the body's needs from moment to moment and adjust blood flow by changing the vascular tone, as needed.

autonomic nervous

A(n) _____ is also called a contusion.

bruise

The _____ link(s) the arterioles and the venules.

capillaries

The function of the blood is to _____ all of the body's cells and tissues.

deliver nutrients to

If the typical adult loses more than 1 L of blood, significant changes in vital signs, such as _____, will occur.

increased respiratory rate

The _____ side of the heart circulates blood from the body to the lungs.

right

Keeping the patient _____ is an important aspect of bleeding and trauma management.

warm