Chapter 26 metabolism
Coenzymes
After enzymes remove electron, the hydrogen atoms are transferred to what?
Redox reaction
An oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction.
Coenzymes for glucose catabolism
Assist in producing energy ATP, complex to glucose to ATP.
Adenine triphosphate
Body's most important energy transfer molecule. Need this for cells to function. Stores energy gained from glucose breakdown.
Metabolic pathway
Chain of reactions with each step usually catalyze by a different enzyme.
Reduction
Chemical reaction in which a molecule gains electrons and electrons.
Catabolism
Decomposition reactions. Molecules are broken down into smaller ones. Energy releasing- produces atp. Ex: digestion
Electrons
Enzymes remove what from intermediate compounds.
Use ATP to make more
How do you produce more atp?
Cofactors
Non protein partners to enzymes. Binding to an enzyme to assist in activating biological enzymes.
Mitochondria
Organelle specialized in making ATP. Double unit membrane with an inner/outer.
Coenzymes
Organic cofactors, accept electrons from one metabolic pathway and transfers them to another enzyme to another.
Aerobic respiration
Oxidizes pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and water, presence of oxygen, breaks pyruvic into co2 & h2o. Matrix/membrane reaction and produces the most ATP.
Phosphorylation
Phosphate groups released by ATP are added to enzymes to activate them. Adding/removing phosphates
Enzymes
Proteins that function as catalyst, enable biochemical reactions to occur rapidly at normal body temperature.
Anaerobic fermentation
Reduces pyruvic acid to lactic acid, absence of oxygen, lactic acid produces toxic, occurs when body has no O2, replenish ADP.
Metabolism
The sum of all the chemical reactions in the body. Process of energy and use.
Glycolysis
Glucose oxidation "sugar splitting ", glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid, produces two ATP.
Matrix
In the inner membrane of mitochondria, in the space between cristae.
Cristae
In the inner membrane of mitochondria, project like shelves across.
Anabolism
Makes large molecules from smaller ones. Energy consuming. Example: sugar formed in glycogen.
Oxidation
Chemical reaction in which a molecule gives up electrons and releases energy.
Large carbon chains
What are large organic cofactors?
Nad+, fad, vitamin b
What are the coenzymes for glucose catabolism? What are they derived from?
Glycolysis, anaerobic fermentation, and aerobic respiration
What are the main pathways of glucose catabolism?
Adenine, ribose, three phosphate groups
What is ATP's structure?