Chapter 27: Romanticism, Realism, Photography: Europe and America

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, including Millais and Rossetti, rejected Realism and based their artistic philosophy on the writings of which individual?

John Ruskin

Which photographer became known for creating portraits of artists such as Delacroix, Daumier, and Courbet?

Nadar

Which illusionistic effect did Eadweard Muybridge's zoopraxiscope rely on to show his sequential images?

Persistence of vision

In constructing the Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition of 1851, what cost-effective innovation did Joseph Paxton employ?

Prefabricated elements

Which Romantic-style building is a conglomeration of Islamic domes, minarets, and screens that has been called "Indian Gothic"?

Royal Pavilion, Brighton

Who was named first consul of the French Republic after leading the French army on several campaigns?

Napoleon Bonaparte

Which element in "Napoleon Visiting the Plague-Stricken in Jaffa" has the artist Antoine-Jean Gros, adapted from "Oath of the Horatii" by his teacher, Jacques-Louis David?

Arcaded backdrop frames the composition

The Romantic sensibility evident in the energy of Joseph Mallord William Turner's landscapes and seascapes relies on the emotive power of which element of his painting style?

Colour

By moving away from illusionism in this painting, and using colors to flatten form and to draw attention to the canvas surface, Manet played an important role in the development of what movement?

Impressionism

Napoleon's embrace of Neoclassicism as a means of linking his own reign to the ancient Roman Empire is embodied in which monument?

La Madeleine

Who was the artist of the immense Romantic painting "Raft of the Medusa", which took eight months to create?

Theodore Gericault

Which early photographer used the new medium to produce documentary images of the immediate aftermath of Civil War battles?

Timothy O'Sullivan

John Singer Sargent's family portrait "Daughters of Edward Darley Boit" shows the influence of his careful study of which painter?

Velazquez

The metal relief etching entitled "Ancient of Days" is the work of which leading Romantic artist?

William Blake

Which Romantic artist was a leader in transcendental landscapes, a new painting genre of the 19th century?

Caspar David Friedrich

Which Realist painter relies on a naturalistic style that does not romanticize or idealize the everyday lived realities that his contemporary subjects endured?

Gustave Courbet

Which of the following is NOT a colorist painting, instead relying on form and line?

Ingres, "Apotheosis of Homer"

Which Neoclassical artist of the first part of the 19th century looked firmly to the arts of Greek antiquity for his subjects and compositions?

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

The 19th-century revival of historical architectural styles led Barry and Pugin to rebuild the House of Parliament in London in what style?

Neo-Gothic

Which American Realist artist who studied both painting and medicine believed that careful observation was a prerequisite for his art?

Winslow Homer