Chapter 28 Diabetes adaptive quizzing and study guide

Type 1 diabetes mellitus has just been diagnosed in a teenage boy who is actively involved in sports. What important instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?

Because exercise can lower the blood glucose level, blood glucose needs to be closely monitored

The nurse is planning care for a child with recently diagnosed diabetes insipidus. Which nursing intervention should be planned?

Encouraging the child to wear medical identification

Kussmaul respirations are characteristic of respiratory acidosis

False

Type 2 diabetes is the predominant form of diabetes in the pediatric age group , and type 1 diabetes is less common

False

Without the use of carbohydrates for energy, fat and protein stores are replenished as the body attempts to meet its energy need

False

A diabetic child who is treated with insulin is trembling and sweating profusely. The nurse learns that the child has skipped lunch. What should the nurse do?

Give the child 3 to 6 oz of orange juice

Which statement made by the child indicates the need for further education about how to manage newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus?

I can eat cake and candy as long as I give myself extra insulin to compensate

What is the current treatment option for children with type 1 diabetes

Insulin and diet

The parents report that their child has excessive urination, thirst, hunger, irritability, fatigue, flushed skin, headache, blurred vision, and dry skin. The child is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Based on this diagnosis, what should the nurse include in the plan of care?

Monitor capillary blood glucose levels before meals and at bedtime

A diabetic patient is on twice-daily dosing of rapid-acting and intermediate-acting insulin. The child is admitted for dose adjustment of intermediate-acting insulin required to be administered in the evening. Which blood sugar level readings of the patient are taken into consideration?

Morning fasting blood sugar levels of the same day

What are the cardinal signs of diabetes insipidus?

Polyuria and polydipsia

What does the nurse recognize as the primary clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus

Polyuria and polydipsia

Which manifestation helps the nurse to identify hyperglycemia in a child with diabetes mellitus (DM)?

Presence of acetone breath

What manifestation of type 2 diabetes helps the nurse to distinguish it from type 1 diabetes?

Relative insulin deficiency

Alteration in serum and tissue potassium can lead to cardiac arrest

True

Urinary fluid losses cause the excessive thirst observered in diabetes

True

When the glucose concentration in the glomerular filtrate exceeds the renal threshold, glucose spills into the urine along with an osmotic diversion of water which are cardinal signs of diabetes

True

Describe type 1 diabetes; type 2

destruction of pancreatic cells insulin resistance; body fails to use insulin correctly

The appropriate emergency measure when a child with diabetes is having a hypoglycemic reaction is to administer ______________ in some form

glucose

When there is a deficiency in insulin, ________________ cannot enter the cell

glucose

Diabetes is a great imitator of what conditions?

influenza, gastroenteritis, appendicitis

What hormone is partially or completely deficient in diabetes mellitus?

insulin

Identify the 3 principal microvascular complications of diabetes

nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy

What are the 3 polys of diabetes

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

Insulin is needed for the entry of glucose into the muscle and fat cells

true

T/F: Acanthosis nigricans may be found in as many as 90% of children with type 2 diabetes and is characterized by velvety hyperpigmentation

true

Diagnosis of diabetes can be obtained through an 8 hour fasting blood glucose level of _____________ mg/dl or more, or a random blood glucose value of _______________ mg/dl or more accompanied by classic signs of diabetes. An oral glucose tolerance test finding of ____________ mg/dl or more in the 2 hour sample is almost certain to indicate diabetes

126, 200, 200

A child with diabetes insipidus is admitted to the hospital. What nursing interventions are important for this child? Select all that apply.

Administer intravenous fluids. Monitor urine volumes regularly