chapter 29 section 3

colonial subjects

some _______ want nothing to do with their European rulers' conflicts

Baghdad, Jerusalem, Damascus

with the help of the Arabs, allied armies took control of _________

T.E. Lawrence

-British soldier who was devoted to the Arab -known as Lawrence of Arabia --helped lead guerrilla raids against the Turks

send most of its forces to the Western Front

Russia's withdrawal from the war allowed Germany to ........

India, South Africa, Senegal, Egypt, Algeria, Indochina

fighting troops as well as laborers came from ________

antiwar activity

governments suppressed _____

propoganda

governments used ______ to keep up morale and support for the war; one sided information designed to persuade

anti-German sentiment

reports of German war atrocities stirred ______ in the US

frontlines

some fighting troops worked to keep the _____ supplied

Arthur Zimmermann

the British intercepted a telegram from Germany's foreign secretary, __________ to the German ambassador in Mexico

Russia

the treaty of brest-litovsk was really hard on ______

Lusitania

what British passenger ship had sunk because of a German submarine?

total war

what did World War I become? this meant that countries devoted all their resources to the war effort

they decoded the message and gave it to the US government

what did britain do with the message from zimmermann?

more war zones in which to try to secure victory

what did the alliances give military leaders?

Germany would help Mexico reconquer the land it has lost to the US if Mexico would ally itself with Germany

what did the telegram from Zimmermann say?

U-boat

what is another name for a German submarine?

April

what month did Italy join the Allies?

British, Austrian, New Zealand, French

what troops made repeated assaults on the Gallipoli Peninsula on the western side of the Dardanelles strait?

Gallipoli campaign

what was the effort to take the Dardanelles strait called?

February 1915

when did the effort to take the Dardanelles strait begin?

1917

when did the germans return to unrestricted submarine warfare?

November 11, 1918

when did world war I end?

3

when the US joined the Allies, how many years had the war been going on?

Americans called for war against Germany

when the Zimmermann note was made Public, __________

Europe

who has lost more men in battle than in all the wars of the precious three centuries?

Allies' favor

with the US finally in the war, the balance seemed to tip in the _______

tanks and munitions

women built ________, plowed fields, paved streets and ran hospitals

republic

germany declared itself a ______

Allies

the US entered the war on the side of the _____

thousands

-____ of women replaced men in factories, offices, and shops

Mohandes Ghandi

-said that service would lead to their independence -indian political leader -supported Indian participation in the war -"If we would improve our status through the help and cooperation of the British......it was our duty to win their help by standing by them in their hour of need."

Ferdinand Foch

-the French commander of the Allied forces -used Americans to fill the gaps in his ranks

ancestry and language and similar democratic institutions and legal systems

America and England shared a common .......

Great Britain and France

America traded with _______ more than twice as much as with Germany

Allies

America's economic ties with the ____ were stronger than those with the Central Powers

Chinese, West Indian, Algerian, Egyptian

Britain and France recruited ___________ laborers to work behind their lines at the front

4 African possessions

English and French troops attacked Germany's _______ and seized control of 3

foreign workers

European governments even enlisted the help of _______

ammunition

Germany declared the Lusitania had been carrying _____

Allie's

Japan entered the war on the _____ side

Second Battle of the Marne

July 1918- the Allies and the Germans clashed at the ........

Dardanelles

The Allies decides to attack a region in the Ottoman Empire known as the ______

Constantinople

The Dardanelles was the gateway to the Ottoman capital, _______

Germany and the Central Powers

The Ottoman Turks and later Bulgaria allied themselves with .......

Finland, Poland, Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk required the Russian government to surrender land to Germany that now include ........

starve Britain into defeat before the US could mobilize

The germans gambled that the naval blockade would _________

geographical widening

_______ of the war had actually begun soon after the conflict started

Turkish

_______ troops defend the region of Gallipoli

Czar Nicholas

________, faced with the prospect of revolution, abdicated his throne on March 15

Woodrow Wilson

__________ sent a strong protest to Germany after the Lusitania

Vera Brittain

a british nurse who recalls her joy in seeing the American reinforcements

England

a large part of the American population felt a bond with .....

stop attacking neutral and passenger ships

after 2 further attacks, the Germans finally agreed to _______

Allies

as the war dragged on, the _____ desperately searched for a way to end the stalemate

5.5 million

by 1917, nearly ____ Russian soldiers had been wounded, killed, or taken prisoner

failed crops, British naval blockade

by 1917, what caused severe food shortages in Germany?

civil unrest

by March 1917, ______ in Russia (due in part to war-related shortages of food and fuel) had brought the czar's government to the brink of collapse

Italy

by early 1915, the only major neutral power left besides the US was ______

Marne River

by late may 1918, the German had again reached the _____. Paris was less than 40 miles away and victor seemed within reach

they could take Constantinople, defeat the Turks, and establish a supply line in Russia

by securing the Dardanelles, the Allies believed that _________

its own naval blockade around Britain

desperate to strike back, Germany decided to establish ________

Ottoman Empire

despite the Allies' failure at Gallipoli, they remained determined to topple the ______

sided with the Allies

even before news of the note from Zimmerman, many Americans had ......

Eastern Front

events in Russia gave Germany a victory on the _______

128

how many US citizens died from the attack on Lusitania?

250,000

how many casualties did the allies suffer?

1,198

how many people died from the attack on Lusitania?

3 American ships

ignoring warnings by president Wilson, German u-boats sank ________

submarine warfare

in 1917, the Germans intensified the ______ that had raged in the Atlantic Ocean since shortly after the war had begun

high seas

in 1917, the focus of the war shifted to the ______

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

in March 1918, Germany and Russia signed the ___________, which ended the war between them

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

in November 1917, communist leader _______ seized power. he insisted on ending his country's involvement in the war

Arab nationalists

in Southwest Asia, the British helped ____ rise up against their Turkish rulers

December

in ________, the allies gave up the campaign and began to evacuate

Britain, Germany, Austria, Russia, France

in _____________ the entire force of government was dedicated to winning the conflict

armistice

in a railway car in a forest near Paris, the new German government and Marshal Foch signed an _____, or an agreement to stop fighting

wartime government

in each country, the _________ took control of the economy

assault

in various parts of Asia and Africa, germanys colonial possessions came under ____

350 tanks

leading the Allied attack in the second battle of the Marne were some _______ that rumbled slowly forward, smashing through the German lines

honest reporting of the war

many leaders feared that _______ would turn people against it

Allies in France

march 1918- the Germans mounted one final , huge attack on the ...... and more than 6,000 German cannons opened the offensive with the largest artillery attack of the entire war

munitions factories

numerous facilities were converted to ________

President Wilson

on April 2, 1917, ______ asked congress to declare war

offer Germany a truce

one of Lenin's first acts was to __________

war poster

one of the main instruments of propaganda was the _____

independence

other colonial subjects would volunteer in the hope that service would lead to their ______

Japanese

the ______ quickly overran German outposts in china and captured Germany's pacific island colonies

Danube river

the allies also believed they might even be Abe to mount an offensive into the Austrian heartland by way of the _____

unrestricted submarine warfare

the germans announced this and said that their submarines would sink without warning any ship in the waters around Britain

Belgium

thousands of civilians were deported from German-occupied ______ and France to work in Germany as farm and factory laborers

women

total war meant that governments turned to help from _____ as never before

rationing

under this system, people could only buy small amounts of those items that were also needed for the war effort

European countries

unemployment in many ________ nearly disappeared