chapter 29 section 3
colonial subjects
some _______ want nothing to do with their European rulers' conflicts
Baghdad, Jerusalem, Damascus
with the help of the Arabs, allied armies took control of _________
T.E. Lawrence
-British soldier who was devoted to the Arab -known as Lawrence of Arabia --helped lead guerrilla raids against the Turks
send most of its forces to the Western Front
Russia's withdrawal from the war allowed Germany to ........
India, South Africa, Senegal, Egypt, Algeria, Indochina
fighting troops as well as laborers came from ________
antiwar activity
governments suppressed _____
propoganda
governments used ______ to keep up morale and support for the war; one sided information designed to persuade
anti-German sentiment
reports of German war atrocities stirred ______ in the US
frontlines
some fighting troops worked to keep the _____ supplied
Arthur Zimmermann
the British intercepted a telegram from Germany's foreign secretary, __________ to the German ambassador in Mexico
Russia
the treaty of brest-litovsk was really hard on ______
Lusitania
what British passenger ship had sunk because of a German submarine?
total war
what did World War I become? this meant that countries devoted all their resources to the war effort
they decoded the message and gave it to the US government
what did britain do with the message from zimmermann?
more war zones in which to try to secure victory
what did the alliances give military leaders?
Germany would help Mexico reconquer the land it has lost to the US if Mexico would ally itself with Germany
what did the telegram from Zimmermann say?
U-boat
what is another name for a German submarine?
April
what month did Italy join the Allies?
British, Austrian, New Zealand, French
what troops made repeated assaults on the Gallipoli Peninsula on the western side of the Dardanelles strait?
Gallipoli campaign
what was the effort to take the Dardanelles strait called?
February 1915
when did the effort to take the Dardanelles strait begin?
1917
when did the germans return to unrestricted submarine warfare?
November 11, 1918
when did world war I end?
3
when the US joined the Allies, how many years had the war been going on?
Americans called for war against Germany
when the Zimmermann note was made Public, __________
Europe
who has lost more men in battle than in all the wars of the precious three centuries?
Allies' favor
with the US finally in the war, the balance seemed to tip in the _______
tanks and munitions
women built ________, plowed fields, paved streets and ran hospitals
republic
germany declared itself a ______
Allies
the US entered the war on the side of the _____
thousands
-____ of women replaced men in factories, offices, and shops
Mohandes Ghandi
-said that service would lead to their independence -indian political leader -supported Indian participation in the war -"If we would improve our status through the help and cooperation of the British......it was our duty to win their help by standing by them in their hour of need."
Ferdinand Foch
-the French commander of the Allied forces -used Americans to fill the gaps in his ranks
ancestry and language and similar democratic institutions and legal systems
America and England shared a common .......
Great Britain and France
America traded with _______ more than twice as much as with Germany
Allies
America's economic ties with the ____ were stronger than those with the Central Powers
Chinese, West Indian, Algerian, Egyptian
Britain and France recruited ___________ laborers to work behind their lines at the front
4 African possessions
English and French troops attacked Germany's _______ and seized control of 3
foreign workers
European governments even enlisted the help of _______
ammunition
Germany declared the Lusitania had been carrying _____
Allie's
Japan entered the war on the _____ side
Second Battle of the Marne
July 1918- the Allies and the Germans clashed at the ........
Dardanelles
The Allies decides to attack a region in the Ottoman Empire known as the ______
Constantinople
The Dardanelles was the gateway to the Ottoman capital, _______
Germany and the Central Powers
The Ottoman Turks and later Bulgaria allied themselves with .......
Finland, Poland, Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk required the Russian government to surrender land to Germany that now include ........
starve Britain into defeat before the US could mobilize
The germans gambled that the naval blockade would _________
geographical widening
_______ of the war had actually begun soon after the conflict started
Turkish
_______ troops defend the region of Gallipoli
Czar Nicholas
________, faced with the prospect of revolution, abdicated his throne on March 15
Woodrow Wilson
__________ sent a strong protest to Germany after the Lusitania
Vera Brittain
a british nurse who recalls her joy in seeing the American reinforcements
England
a large part of the American population felt a bond with .....
stop attacking neutral and passenger ships
after 2 further attacks, the Germans finally agreed to _______
Allies
as the war dragged on, the _____ desperately searched for a way to end the stalemate
5.5 million
by 1917, nearly ____ Russian soldiers had been wounded, killed, or taken prisoner
failed crops, British naval blockade
by 1917, what caused severe food shortages in Germany?
civil unrest
by March 1917, ______ in Russia (due in part to war-related shortages of food and fuel) had brought the czar's government to the brink of collapse
Italy
by early 1915, the only major neutral power left besides the US was ______
Marne River
by late may 1918, the German had again reached the _____. Paris was less than 40 miles away and victor seemed within reach
they could take Constantinople, defeat the Turks, and establish a supply line in Russia
by securing the Dardanelles, the Allies believed that _________
its own naval blockade around Britain
desperate to strike back, Germany decided to establish ________
Ottoman Empire
despite the Allies' failure at Gallipoli, they remained determined to topple the ______
sided with the Allies
even before news of the note from Zimmerman, many Americans had ......
Eastern Front
events in Russia gave Germany a victory on the _______
128
how many US citizens died from the attack on Lusitania?
250,000
how many casualties did the allies suffer?
1,198
how many people died from the attack on Lusitania?
3 American ships
ignoring warnings by president Wilson, German u-boats sank ________
submarine warfare
in 1917, the Germans intensified the ______ that had raged in the Atlantic Ocean since shortly after the war had begun
high seas
in 1917, the focus of the war shifted to the ______
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
in March 1918, Germany and Russia signed the ___________, which ended the war between them
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
in November 1917, communist leader _______ seized power. he insisted on ending his country's involvement in the war
Arab nationalists
in Southwest Asia, the British helped ____ rise up against their Turkish rulers
December
in ________, the allies gave up the campaign and began to evacuate
Britain, Germany, Austria, Russia, France
in _____________ the entire force of government was dedicated to winning the conflict
armistice
in a railway car in a forest near Paris, the new German government and Marshal Foch signed an _____, or an agreement to stop fighting
wartime government
in each country, the _________ took control of the economy
assault
in various parts of Asia and Africa, germanys colonial possessions came under ____
350 tanks
leading the Allied attack in the second battle of the Marne were some _______ that rumbled slowly forward, smashing through the German lines
honest reporting of the war
many leaders feared that _______ would turn people against it
Allies in France
march 1918- the Germans mounted one final , huge attack on the ...... and more than 6,000 German cannons opened the offensive with the largest artillery attack of the entire war
munitions factories
numerous facilities were converted to ________
President Wilson
on April 2, 1917, ______ asked congress to declare war
offer Germany a truce
one of Lenin's first acts was to __________
war poster
one of the main instruments of propaganda was the _____
independence
other colonial subjects would volunteer in the hope that service would lead to their ______
Japanese
the ______ quickly overran German outposts in china and captured Germany's pacific island colonies
Danube river
the allies also believed they might even be Abe to mount an offensive into the Austrian heartland by way of the _____
unrestricted submarine warfare
the germans announced this and said that their submarines would sink without warning any ship in the waters around Britain
Belgium
thousands of civilians were deported from German-occupied ______ and France to work in Germany as farm and factory laborers
women
total war meant that governments turned to help from _____ as never before
rationing
under this system, people could only buy small amounts of those items that were also needed for the war effort
European countries
unemployment in many ________ nearly disappeared