chapter 3

Agreeableness

One of the Big Five personality dimensions; it is the tendency to be courteous, forgiving, tolerant, trusting, and soft-hearted.

emotions

A state of physiological arousal accompanied by changes in facial expressions, gestures, posture, or subjective feelings.

mood

A long-lasting state of emotion.

cognitive dissonance

A mental state of anxiety that occurs when there is a conflict among an individual's various cognitions (for example, attitudes and beliefs) after a decision has been made.

ability

A person's talent to perform a mental or physical task.

self-efficacy

Designates a person's belief that he or she has the competency to complete a job successfully.

Attitudes

Mental states of readiness for need arousal. a learned predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably to people, objects, and situations with which it is related. An attitude consists of a cognitive component (beliefs), an affect component (feelings), and a behavioral component, which consists of the individual's behavioral intentions.

Extroversion

One of the Big Five personality dimensions; it is a trait that indicates a person's outgoing, sociable behavior.

emotional stability

One of the Big Five personality dimensions; it is the ability to be calm, serene, relaxed, and secure.

consciensciousness

One of the Big Five personality dimensions; it is the tendency to be dependable, organized, thorough, and responsible.

openness to experience

One of the Big Five personality dimensions; it reflects the extent to which an individual is broadminded, creative, curious, and intelligent.

mental ability

Refers to one's level of intelligence and can be divided into subcategories, including verbal fluency and comprehension, inductive and deductive reasoning, associative memory, and spatial orientation.

locus of control

Specifies a person's belief that he or she does or does not master his or her fate.

emotional intelligence (EI)

The ability to manage one's own and others' emotions in order to guide one's behavior and achieve goals. includes self-awareness, social awareness, self-management, and relationship management.

emotional labor

The effort and work to manage your emotions to keep them under control.

affect

The emotional component of an attitude; often learned from parents, teachers, and peer group members.

mood (or emotional) contagion

The transfer of mood or emotions from one individual to others.

tacit knowledge

The work-related practical know-how that employees acquire through observation and direct experience on the job.

cognition

This is basically what individuals know about themselves and their environment. Cognition implies a conscious process of acquiring knowledge.

the big five

extraversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience