Chapter 3

First Trip to Roanoke

1584, led by Sir Walter Raleigh. A failed British colony, lied off the state of North Carolina, they learned a lot about the people and places of Virginia, failed because of a difficult winter.

New Netherland

1660, England had two groups of colonies in North America. In the north were the New England colonies. In the south was Virginia, and also the colony of Maryland, which was settled in 1634. Between these two groups of colonies were lands under Dutch control.

Headright System

A grant of 50 acres of land to people who paid their own way to the colony. This inspired people to work hard.

Virginia Company

A joint-stock company, which is a company in which investors buy stock in return for a share of its future profits. Sent 144 settlers to America to start a new colony

John White

An artist who drew pictures of Native Americans on the first Roanoke Expedition in 1584. He led the second Roanoke exploration in 1587.

Squanto and Samoset

Befriended the Plymouth colonists and helped them survive. They taught them how to grow corn, pumpkins, and beans, and where to hunt and fish. They helped the colonists make peace with the Wampanoag people in the area, and the Pilgrims included them in their Thanksgiving feast in 1621

Jamestown

Charter renewed by King James I in 1606, founded in April 1607. Struggled with disease and hunger, wouldn't have survived without John Smith who made them work and form an alliance with Powhatan Indians. When he left in 1609, the colonists struggled, the starving time was from 1609 to 1610. More colonists arrived to replace those who died, and they made money from tobacco.

New Jersey

Duke of York decided to divide his colony. He gave the land between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. The two proprietors named their colony after the English Channel island of Jersey, where Carteret was born. To attract settlers, the proprietors offered large tracts of land and also promised freedom of religion, trial by jury, and a representative assembly. It had a diverse population. There were people of many different racial, religious, and national backgrounds—that is, many different ethnic groups. It had no natural harbors, so it did not develop a major port or city like New York. Its proprietors made few profits. Both eventually sold their shares in the colony. By 1702, It had become a royal colony. However, the colonists continued to make local laws.

House of Burgesses

Established in 1619, land owning men could cast votes for representatives or burgesses. These people helped make laws for the colony and it was the first Legislature in America.

North Carolina

Farmers from inland Virginia settled here. They grew tobacco and sold timber and tar. It lacked a good harbor, so farmers used Virginia's ports.

Plymouth

Formed by a group of separatists in 1620, they boarded the Mayflower and sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to present day Cape Cod.

Rhode Island

Founded by Roger Williams who felt that government shouldn't have control over what people worship and that it was wrong for settlers to take land away from Native Americans. Forced by Massachusetts to leave the colony, he found refugee with the Narragansett tribe. They later sold him land which became the town Providence. It became a safe place for people who sought religious freedom. It was the first place in America where anyone could worship freely.

New Hampshire

Founded in 1639 by John Wheelwright and a group of people who sought religious freedom from Massachusetts. They founded the town Exeter. It became an independent colony in 1679.

Relationships with the Powhatan

Improved after John Rolfe married Pocahontas

Massachusetts Bay colony

In 1629, a group of Puritans formed the Massachusetts Bay company, they received a royal charter for a colony north of Plymouth. They chose John Winthrop to be the governor. In 1630, Winthrop led 900 people to the colony, they called the place Boston. In the 1630s, over 15000 Puritans journeyed to escape economic hardships and persecution in England, this was known as the Great Migration. In 1634, male church members were allowed to vote for the governor and for representatives. Later, property ownership became a requirement for voting.

Second Trip to Roanoke

Led by John White, he had to return to England for supplies but was delayed because of the Spanish Armada. When he returned 3 years later, the colony was deserted and the word "Croatoan" was carved into a tree.

Delaware

People from Sweden had settled land in southern Pennsylvania before the Dutch and then the English took over the area. Penn allowed these southern counties to form their own legislature. The counties then functioned, or worked, as a separate colony. However, it remained under the authority of Pennsylvania's governor.

Separatists

Protestants who sought to set up their own church. Some fled to the Netherlands because they didn't want their children to suffer the same way they did

Puritans

Protestants who wanted to reform the Anglican Church. They had little tolerance for other religions and persecuted people often. This would lead to the formation of new colonies.

Pennsylvania

Quakers, a Protestant group that had been persecuted in England, founded the colony of Pennsylvania. In 1680 William Penn, a wealthy English Quaker, received the land in payment for a debt King Charles owed Penn's father. "Penn's Woods," stretched inland from the Delaware River. The new colony was nearly as large as England. It was seen as a "holy experiment," a chance to put his Quaker ideals into practice. The Quakers, or Society of Friends, believed that everyone was equal. People could follow their own "inner light" rather than the teachings of a religious leader. Quakers were also pacifists , or people who refuse to use force or fight in wars. 1682 he sailed to America to supervise the building of Philadelphia, a name that means "city of brotherly love." Penn designed the city himself. He also wrote its first constitution. Penn believed that the land belonged to the Native Americans and that settlers should pay for it. He negotiated several treaties with local Native Americans.By 1683, more than 3,000 English, Welsh, Irish, Dutch, and German settlers had arrived. In 1701, in the Charter of Privileges, Penn granted colonists the right to elect representatives to the legislature. Philadelphia quickly became America's most prosperous city and its most popular port.

Purpose of colonies now

Religious freedom, the Anglican Church in England, which was Protestant was the one religion allowed since 1534 when King Henry VIII started it. Some English people wanted to remain Catholic while others wanted to reform the Church

South Carolina

Settlers in southern Carolina took advantage of fertile land and the harbor at Charles Town.Settlements there spread, and trade in deerskin, lumber, and beef thrived.

Mayflower Compact

Since Plymouth was North of where the charter granted them the land, the Pilgrims signed a document that set up an organized, orderly government. Each signer promised to obey laws for the good of the colony. This was a key step to representative democracy in America

Pilgrim

Someone who undergoes a religious journey

New York

The English wanted to gain control of the valuable Dutch colony. 1664 the English sent a fleet to attack New Amsterdam. Peter Stuyvesant, governor of the colony, surrendered it to the English forces without a fight. King Charles gave the colony to his brother, the Duke of York.This was a colony in which an owner, or proprietor, owned all the land and controlled the government. Not until 1691 did the English government allow citizens to elect their legislature.continued to prosper under English control. It had a diverse population made up of Dutch, German, Swedish, and Native American people. Also among the population were people of the Jewish religion. They were the first Jews to settle in North America. 1664 it had about 8,000 residents, including at least 300 enslaved Africans. By 1683 the population had swelled to about 12,000 people. New Amsterdam, which had been renamed New York City, was one of the fastest-growing places in the colonies.

First English Child Born in America

Virginia Dare, John White's granddaughter

1624

Virginia became a royal colony

Connecticut

West of Boston, it has good farmland and was beginning to be settled in the 1630's. Their leader was Thomas Hooker, he led the colonists to the land in 1636 and founded the town of Hartford. Three years later, these towns formed Connecticut. In 1639, the form of government- The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- was the first written Constitution in America, it documented the ideas of Democracy and Representative government.

Virginia

began to grow. The demand for workers was high. It took a great deal of labor to plant, tend, and harvest the tobacco crop on which the colony depended.The first group of 20 Africans arrived in 1619 aboard a Dutch trading vessel. In the years to follow, many more shiploads of this human cargo would arrive in North America. not all people came to work in the colonies of their own free will. England also shipped criminals and prisoners of war to the colonies.Many people also came to the colonies as indentured servants. To pay for their passage to America, they agreed to work without pay for a certain length of time.

Maryland

dream of Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore. Calvert wanted a safe place for his fellow Catholics who faced persecution in England. His son, Cecilius, inherited the colony and named it Maryland. Cecilius sent two of his brothers to start the colony. They reached America in 1634.large estates to English aristocrats. He also granted smaller pieces of land to other settlers. argued over the boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania. In the 1760s, they hired two men named Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to map the boundary between the colonies. This boundary line became known as the Mason-Dixon Line. Calverts welcomed Protestants as well as Catholics. Protestant settlers outnumbered Catholics. To protect Catholics, the colony established the Act of Toleration in 1649. The act ensured Protestants and Catholics the right to worship freely.1692 Maryland—now a royal colony—established an official Protestant church. As a result, Catholics faced the same restrictions they had in England.

Georgia

founded in 1733, was the last British colony set up in America. James Oglethorpe received a charter from George II for a colony where debtors and poor people could make a fresh start. In Britain, debtors—those who had debts—could be imprisoned if they were unable to pay what they owed. hoped it would block any Spanish attack on the colonies from Florida. Oglethorpe and his settlers built the forts and town of Savannah to discourage such attacks.Hundreds of poor people came from Britain, but few debtors settled there. Religious refugees from Central Europe and a small group of Jews also arrived. Many settlers complained about Oglethorpe's rules, especially the limits on landholding and the bans on slave labor and rum.Disappointed with the colony's slow growth, he gave up and turned it over to the king in 1751.

New Amsterdam

main settlement of New Netherland on Manhattan Island. This location combined a good seaport with access to the Hudson River. The river served as a major transportation link to a rich land of farms, forests, and furs. As a result, it became a center of shipping to and from the Americas.

Carolina as a whole

rice grew well in the wet coastal lowlands. Growing rice required much labor, and the demand for slave labor rose. Another important crop was indigo. 1700s, settlers were growing tired of proprietor rule. In 1719 settlers in the south took control from the proprietors. In 1729 it became two royal colonies—North Carolina and South Carolina.

What did the Dutch West India Company do to increase New Netherland's population?

the company offered large grants of land to anyone who could bring at least 50 settlers to work the land. The landowners who received these grants were called patroons.The patroons ruled like kings. They had their own courts and laws. Settlers owed the patroons labor and a share of their crops.