Chapter 3

When we evaluate our own merits with respects to certain reference groups, we are engaging in a process known as

social comparison

According to the textbook, which of the following statements about people with low self-esteem is not true?

People with low self-esteem are likely to emphasize other's negative comments.

Most research supports the notion that low self-disclosure is the underlying cause of juvenile delinquency and anti-social behavior.

false

research has shown that genetics have little or no influence on personality

false

When Sheila asked her friend Tommy to help her move at the end of the semester, Sheila was threatening Tommy's ________ face needs.

fellowship

when we consider how we want to be perceived by other people, we are considering our

image

Jason went to a party with several of his friends last weekend. While he was there, Jason made several inappropriate comments and did not notice that people were offended by what he was saying. Afterwards, several people at the party commented to Jason's friends that they were surprised and upset by his behavior. Which of the following statements is likely true of Jason?

jason is a low self-monitor

Martin had been having a hard time in his relationship with his girlfriend, Erica. After a long, tiring day at work, he let it slip to his friend Tony that things hadn't been going well with Erica. Embarrassed, Martin quickly changed the subject and never mentioned that conversation again. Which term accurately describes Martin's statement?

leakage

Judy thinks it's going to rain today, so she behaves in ways that are consistent with that prediction (e.g., she wears her raincoat, she carries her umbrella). In fact, it does rain, just as she predicted. Is this an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy? Pick the correct answer and explanation.

no, because her behaviors did not cause the prediction to come true.

your own understanding of who you are as a person compromises your

self-concept

Groups like Alcoholics Anonymous encourage people to share about problems they are facing. This type of disclosure is based theoretically on which of the following principles?

self-disclosure can help others

When Jon and Ernesto met in their English class, they were both hesitant to share much about their personal lives. As the semester progressed and they became better friends, they felt comfortable sharing more and more with each other. Which element of self-disclosure is reflected in their relationship?

self-disclosure follows a process

Your subjective evaluation of yourself is known as

self-esteem

Low self-monitors are more likely than high self-monitors to appear unsophisticated or socially awkward.

true

Scientific studies have largely confirmed the belief that girls have lower self-esteem than boys.

true

according to the norm of reciprocity, people expect the level of disclosures in their personal relationships to remain relatively equivalent

true

self-fulfilling prophecies that we make for ourselves often affect the behavior of others.

true

social penetration theory uses the metaphor of an onion to illustrate how self-disclosure develops over time in a relationship

true

Which of the following claims about self-disclosure is true.

women disclose more than men

self-concept is entirely subjective

False

Anytime you expect something to happen, and the it does, that's a self fulfilling prophecy.

False

Fellowship face refers to our need to avoid being imposed upon by others.

False

Which of the following statements about people with high self-esteem is not true?

They are more likely to end a relationship that is in trouble

Regarding the benefits of high self-esteem, which of the following statements has been supported by the research?

Those with high self-esteem are more outgoing and willing to communicate

image management is complex, collaborative process.

True

According to the Johari Window, there are aspects of our personalities that others can see in us but that we are unaware of. These are known as the ________ aspects of our self.

blind

according to social penetration theory, the _ dimension concerns the number of topics disclosed whereas the _ dimension concerns the level of detail in topics disclosed.

breadth, depth

The way you tend to think and act in most situations defines your:

correct

The research on sex and cultural differences in self-esteem has primarily disputed which of the following claims?

differences in self-esteem among various ethnic groups tend to be modest.

Which of the following statements is not true about hyperpersonal communication

each other these is true