Chapter 3 and 4.1
The Battle of Lexington and Concord
The Lexington Battle happen while the British were on their way to Concord because the Colonist seized them and Paul Revere warned the colonist in Concord "The British are Coming" allowing the colonist to win both battles.
How did the Colonist respond to the Tea Act?
They boycotted the tea. They went through with the Boston Tea Party
How did the British respond to the Colonist in the Townshend Act protest?
They made the colonist pay for the tea by shutting Boston Harbor, passing the Quartering Act, quartering a lot of soldiers and placing Boston under martial law (law of military force).
How did the British respond to the Colonist in the Stamp Act protest?
They repealed the Stamp Act and passed Declaration Act (declaring Britain power to make laws/taxes on the colonist)
How did the British respond to the Colonist in the Townshend Act protest?
They sent 2,000 soldier in Boston to enforce the act. The colonist had to quarter some soldiers. They seized The Liberty, John Hannock's ship because they thought he was smuggling.
How did the British respond to the Colonist in the Intolerable Act protest?
They wanted to take away their firearms. This caused the Battle of Lexington and Concord.
Triangular Trade
Transatlantic trading network.
Salutary Neglect
When England neglected the colonies when they needed to focus on fighting France.
Glorious Revolution
When the Catholic King in England ran away and his Protestant daughter and husband took over
The Boston Tea Party
Where the colonist, dressed as Indians, dumped 18,000 pound of tea into the Boston Harbor. 2 million dollars worth of tea.
Navigation Acts
A series of laws restricting trade in the colonies (for mercantilism) 1. Trade with other countries only through colonial or British ships 2. 3/4 colonial or British population on ships 3. Certain goods only go to England 4. Almost all goods must pass through English ports to trade with he colonies or Britian
The Boston Massacre
A small confrontation between colonist and redcoats that was used as Political Propaganda to make it seem as if the British were lined and planned to kill 100 colonist. It was painted by Paul Revere
Middle Passage
A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies
How was the North different from the South?
Northern:Southern Multiple crops:Single cash crops Industries:Primarily agriculture (slaves), Many Cities (NY, Philadelphia, Boston): Just Charles Town More diverse (eco+soc): More homogeneous, British colonist - Anglican (Anglos) Merchant: Farmers
Cash Crop
One crop grown primarily for sale
The Great Awakening and Imp. People
A religious movement that stressed returning back to purity. People were encouraged to go to church and read the bible Imp: People: John Edwards and George Whitefield
French and Indian War
(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.
Pontiac
An Ottawa Indian who wasn't ready to accept British control
Mercantilism
An economic policy, where the goal is to keep all the gold and silver in the colonies. They wanted a favorable balance in trade buy selling more than they bought. They needed colonies to obtain certain good to keep in to themselves.
The Enlightenment and Imp. People
An intellectual/political movement that stressed the natural right for humans and the world's origin is based on science. It encouraged people to rely on reason, obverse, experiment and make discoveries. Imp. People: Ben Franklin and Thomas Jeff
Stono Rebellion
An uprising of slaves in South Carolina in 1739, leading to the tightening of already harsh slave laws. The largest slave uprising in the colonies.
Encourage with both The Enlightment and The Great Awakening
Both caused people to question the Monarch because they were reading and learning
Parliament
Britain's law-making assembly
Losses of the French and Indian War
British and French: Money! French: All their land except West Indian and Newfoundland Island Colonist: Proclamation of 1763 stopped them Natives: British were harsher
Gains of the French and Indian War
British: All of the French land that they lost Colonial: Access to westward expansion
What affects did the Navigation Acts how on Britain?
By only allowing for foreign trade with the colonies through England created jobs for people to works as dockworkers. Also they got to tax the trade for the treasury, which increased revenue. The King made 100% of the profit.
Committees of correspondence
Colonists assemblies to alert other colonist of what is going on
Britain established policies to control the American colonies but was inconsistent in its enforcement of those policies. What results might might be expected from such inconsistency?
Eventually, the colonies will lose respect for England and have a stronger desire to govern themselves full. As seen with salutary neglect, the colonist gets a huge sense of self government from a little less control. As England will get more and more inconsistent they will get more patriot and will want independence. Without the heavy control, they will see that they won't need the mother country.
How did political events in England affect the lives of the colonists?
First, England was "inspired by mercantilism" made sure that their colonies traded with other countries through England ports and ships with the Navigation Acts to make more gold was coming in then out. Thus, the colonist had hard trading restrictions. Second, after the Glorious Revolution in England (when the Catholic King ran away and his Protestant daughter and husband took over), Parliament became more powerful than the monarch. In the colonies, Massachusetts rebelled against Sir. Andros because of the Glorious Revolution and the power shift. Third, England neglected the colonies which allowed them to not closely control the colonies. This allowed the colonist to began to govern themselves.
Motives of the French and Indian War
French and British: they both wanted to gain control of the Ohio River Valley, Expand Empire British Colonist: wanted to expand west as well Native American: wanted to gain benefits (French and Hurons/ British and Iroqious)
New France
French land in North America
How did Great Britain benefit from the policy of salutary neglect? The colonists benefited as well because they were allowed to govern themselves.
Great Britain benefited from the policy still got their raw materials from the colonies and the colonies still bought the English finished goods. Great Britain's government longer must use soldiers or money to enforce laws and they can focus on the competition with France for total control of Europe.
The Stamp Act
In 1765, the British had to pay off debt from the French and Indian War. The colonists had to buy a stamp knew they wanted to give out official/legal documents; like newspapers, licenses, almanacs and pamphlets.
The Townshend Act
In 1767, the British needed to raise money to gain revenue to station soldiers in the colonies. They tax was directly on British goods like paint, tea, glass and lead.
How did the geography of the South contribute to the self-sufficiency of the Southern plantations?
In the South they had many deep and long river which allows access for sending their goods directly to the northern colonies and Europe. They did not use city docks and warehouses. Also, on the farms they basically had everything that they need eliminating the need for shops, bakeries and markets.
Why were so many enslaved Africans brought to the Southern colonies?
In the early colonial time, the English got Native Americans to work for them. However the Native Americans began to escape so, that system failed. Then, the price of the indentured servants rose, so that failed as well. However, the African slaves were able to work better in the hot climates, the were unfamiliar with the land, they had immunity to the diseases and they manipulated the Africans to work for them. Also the triangular trade system was already in place which made it easier robot get the African slaves.
The Tea Act
The British East Indian Tea Company was bankrupt and they sold the tea directly to colonist without a tax. This cut out the colonist out of the tea trade.
Why did England take action against Massachusetts?
The Parliament passed the Navigation Act and the colonist of Massachusetts did not like it. They continued to smuggle and the King thought they were resisting authority. After being warned to abide by the laws, England made them a royal colony in full control of the king and taking away their corporate charter.
The Proclamation of 1763
The Proclamation of 1763 was the British response to avoid having more issues with the Native Americans. The colonist were banned to settlement west of the Appalachians. The colonist were angry because they thought since they fought in the French and Indian war that they would get the opportunity to colonize the west into Native American territory but, the British did not allow them. It made them begin to lose respect for their British leaders. They disobeyed and settled in the west anyway.
How did the Colonist respond to the Stamp Act?
The Son of Liberty activist group was created, they prevented stamps from being sold and harassed customs agents/royal. They boycotted British goods. The Stamp Act Congress was created (add).
Why did fewer cities develop in the South during the 1700s?
The Southern economy was based on agriculture. They "specialized in raising a single cash crop" in each region, which set up many big farms instead of cities. Also their was no need for cities with the farm dependency because they "produced most of what they needed" on the farm. Finally, the rivers defeated the purpose for ports because they "could ship their goods directly to the northern colonies and Europe".
The Sugar Act
The Sugar Act was a law that Parliament passed in response to the suspicion of the colonists smuggling good. It halved the tax on foreign made molasses and added tax to other foreign goods. They were tried in British court if they were caught smuggling. Also, it helped the British get out of debt from the French and Indian War. It caused the colonist to continued stirring up rebellious feelings against the British and they disagreed with the way the British wanted to govern and tax them. They still smuggled and boycotted products.
The Writs of Assisstance
The Writs of Assistance allowed British officials to search any house, ship or building to see if they were smuggling good without the need to know what the good is or the exact house. The angry colonist thought that it violated their privacy and rights.
How did both the colonies benefit from the policy of salutary neglect? The colonists benefited as well because they were allowed to govern themselves.
The colonists benefited as well because they were allowed to govern themselves.
How did the Colonist respond to the Intolerable Act?
The first Continental Congress was help in Philadelphia to set up their rights. They supported Massachusetts. They thought that it is time to fight back.
Sir Edmund Andros
The new governor of the royal colony out together by the king.
Intolerable Acts
The nickname for what the British do to make them pay back the tea.
George Washington
The officer that led the beginning of the war
How did the Colonist respond to the Townshend Act?
The protested "No Taxation Without Representation". They boycotted the British goods and smuggled.
Dominion of New England
The royal colony
William Pit
an elected politicain to led the army to victory