Chapter 3

Which type of mass movement event requires the addition of water?

flow

Complete this analogy: Bouncing is to sand as suspension is to_____________.

clay

What is mass movement?

movement of material under the influence of gravity alone

How can pieces of rock in contact with a stream bed move?

rolling, sliding, bouncing

What is suspended load?

the fine-grained particles that travel in the water column above the stream bed

Which processes result in the widening of the floodplain of a meandering stream?

undercutting and lateral erosion

Stream characteristics Analyze the graph and sort the following characteristics as those which appear at the headwaters and mouth of the stream.

At Headwaters= -channel size is smaller -channel roughness is high At Mouth- -flow velocity is more -Slope is lower -discharge is higher

Which of the following are part of the bed load?

CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. sand gravel

How are debris avalanches and flows related?

Debris avalanches are large, rapid flows of rock.

Which of the following statements about the global water supply is true?

Decreased precipitation could impact water supply available for humans.

Where do deposition and erosion of material occur along a meander?

Deposition occurs on the inside of the meander, whereas erosion occurs on the outside.

The ability of a stream to erode and transport sediments is directly related to its velocity, which is the speed at which water flows through a stream. You will match the influence of velocity associated with each type of load transport. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

Dissolved load- unaffected by the velocity of stream Suspended load- Affected by both flow velocity and settling velocity of stream Bed Load- Highly affected by the velocity of stream

Below is a list of geographical features. Each one of them is an example of one of the words below. Match one location with the appropriate word it exemplifies. Sort these items into the appropriate bin. Use each item once, and place only one item per bin.

Divide= Appalachian Mountains Watershed= Missouri River Basin Tributary= Big Horn River Trunk Stream= Mississippi River

Match one definition with the appropriate word it defines. Sort these items into the appropriate bin. Use each item once, and place only one item per bin.

Divide= a boundary, usually a hill or mountain where water will flow in opposite directions on either side Watershed= an area in which all water falling in it flows out through one location Tributary= a river that feeds into another river Trunk Stream= the primary river flowing out of a drainage basin

Which of the following statements about drainage basins is FALSE?

Drainage basins only contain one river.

How is a fall different from creep?

Falls occur rapidly and in areas with high slope, whereas creep occurs slowly in areas with low slope.

Comparison of rural and urban settings for lag times between rainfall and flooding Look at the two graphs below. Label each graph with the scenario it most likely represents. Notice that for each graph, a similar rainstorm occurs, releasing a certain amount of water into the environment. The horizontal (x) axis represents time. The light blue curve shows the amount of stream flow (called river discharge) in each environment. Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.

Graph 1= -Concrete surfaces mean water flows directly to the stream or river after a storm -Flooding in an urban area -This setting is more likely to produce flash flood Graph 2= -Abundant open farmland allows for infiltration of water into the ground -Flooding in a rural area

Water falling in Illinois would ultimately end up where?

Gulf of Mexico

Ranking water sources Rank the following sources of water from largest to smallest in terms of percentage of the world's total supply. Rank from largest to smallest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

Largest -Oceans -Glaciers -Groundwater -Non-glacial ice and snow -Lakes -Rivers Smallest

How are oxbow lakes formed?

Oxbow lakes form when one meander erodes into another, cutting off water to part of the stream channel.

The time relationship between rainstorms and flooding Look at the accompanying graph, and read the following statements regarding the time relationship between rainstorms and flooding. Based on this graph, which of the statements are true?

Select all that apply. -Flooding correlates with increased stream discharge. -Peak stream flow happens after a storm.

Triggers of Mass Movement In this activity, you will explore and test your knowledge about triggers of four mass movement types. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

Slump- triggered by over steepened slopes Flow- triggered by large amounts of water and steep slopes Creep- triggered by repeated freezing and thawing of soils Fall- triggered by ice wedging and step slopes

How are slumps and slides related?

Slumps are a type of slide in the special case where the rupture surface is curved.

Streams and their zones Stream channels have three major zones, from their headwaters to the mouth, and each zone exhibits unique characteristics. Label the zones of a river system based on the dominant process operating within each zone. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. You may reuse labels.

Zone of sediment production Zone of sediment transportation Zone of sediment deposition

What is a meander scar?

a landscape feature formed after an oxbow lake dries up

What is an oxbow lake?

a meander that has been cut off from the original stream channel

What are the three types of loads carried by streams?

bed load, suspended load, dissolved load

What is the dominant fluvial process in a clear, sediment-poor stream moving down a steep slope?

downcutting

Which of the following are classifications describing how rock and other material move downslope?

fall, slide, slump, creep, flow

Which of the following is the primary step that allows water to enter the groundwater system?

infiltration

Complete this analogy: Sliding is to gravel as dissolution is to_____________.

ions

What type of stream is associated with the formation of an oxbow lake?

meandering stream