Chapter 3 Grammar Clamor
Friend, tell the girl that you have seen us waiting here
Amici, dic puellae te vidisse nos manentes hic
Meanwhile you heard that the rumor of such great beauty was proceeding more widely
Interea, audivisti rumorem formositatis tantae procedere latius
Psyche thought that her sisters had written her a letter
Psyche putavit suas sorores scripsisse sibi epistolam
I know that the husband will immediately carry the bride across the threshold
Scio maritum confestum laturum esse nuptam trans limins
Define the ablative absolute
The ablative absolute is a type of participial phrase generally consisting of a noun or pronoun and a modifying participle in the ablative case, loosely connected to the rest of the sentence
In an ablative absolute construction, where is the ablative noun/pronoun usually located? Where would additional words be located?
The ablative noun/pronoun would be first, the participle last, and the other words sandwiched inbetween
What does Wheelock mean when he says that the ablative absolute is always self contained?
The participle and noun it modifies are in the same phrase and the noun of the ablative absolute phrase is not referred to otherwise in the sentence (not grammatically connected)
Why can't an ablative absolute be used in the following phrase? Romam videntes, viri gaudebant
The participle modifies the subject of the main clause
Imperatore imperium accipiente, milites gaudebant
With the emperor receiving command, the soldiers were rejoicing
How do we translate the ablative absolute literally?
With the noun verbing (PAP) With the noun having been verbed (PPP)
Oratore dicturo, multi cives in senatum veniunt
With the orator about to speak, many citizens came to the senate
Fabula narrata servi ridebant
With the story having been told, the servants were laughing
What punctuation mark often sets off and ablative absolute phrase
a comma
What is an indirect statement
a statement that reports indirectly, like someone saying what someone else did
What construction do we use in Latin for an indirect statement
an infinitive phrase with an accusative subject
turn : equo verso into the plural and translate
equis versi - with the horses having been changed
turn: ferris sublatis into the singular and translate
ferro sublato - with the sword having been raised
What sort of verbs introduce and indirect statement
head verbs
With the threshold having been crossed, the girl entered the home
limine transito, puella domum intravit
What does each tense of the infinative mean relative to main verb in an indirect statement
present - same time perfect - before future - after
How do you form infinatives?
present passive (1st, 2nd, 4th) - remove final e of 2 principle part and replace with i (3rd - remove ere replace with i) Present active - 2nd principle part perfect active - perfect stem + isse Perfect passive - 4th principle part + esse Future active - future active participle (4th + tur+ ending) + esse Future passive - accusative supine (4th principle part acc) + iri
What tenses of the infinitive may be used in an indirect statement
present, future, perfect
With the whole population following, the weeping father leads his daughter to the highest mountain
toto populo sequente, pater flens ducit filiam ad montem summum
Under what circumstances can the participle be omitted from a abl absolute construction?
when the verb is sum. assuming being (sum) so there would be 2 abl nouns or a noun and adjective
