Chapter 3 microbiology

20. The _____ stain is used to stain and differentiate Mycobacterium and Nocardia from other bacteria.

acid-fast methylene blue Gram negative basic acid-fast

2. The two functions of bacterial appendages are ________.

attachment and protection attachment and motility motility and slime production energy reactions and synthesis attachment and motility

18. Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _____.

cell walls cell membranes capsules slime layers inclusions cell walls

11. The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _____.

fimbriae sex pili flagella cilia fimbriae

3. Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except _____.

flagella cilia fimbriae periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) sex pili cilia

12. The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _____.

flagella cilia fimbriae periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) sex pili sex pili

16. The cell _______ can be composed of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane.

glycocalyx envelope pathogenic package slime coat None of the choices is correct. envelope

19. A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _____.

gram-negative gram-positive found in archaea a spheroplast acid fast gram-positive

17. During the Gram stain, _____ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

gram-positive gram-negative both gram-positive and -negative gram-negative

9. What three components comprise the flagellum, extending from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

Filament, hook, basal body Filament, basal body, hook Basal body, hook, filament Hook, basal body, filament Basal body, hook, filament

15. Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram staining?

Alcohol/acetone-crystal violet-safranin-iodine Crystal violet-alcohol/acetone-iodine-safranin Crystal violet-iodine-alcohol/acetone-safranin Iodine-safranin-crystal violet-alcohol/acetone Alcohol/acetone-safranin-crystal violet-iodine Crystal violet-iodine-alcohol/acetone-safranin

1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacteria?

Its DNA is not encased in a membrane. It has a cell wall made of peptidoglycans or other distinct chemicals. It does not have membrane-bound organelles. Its DNA is wrapped around histones. Its DNA is wrapped around histones.

4. A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _____.

hook outer membrane filament sheath basal body basal body

14. The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's _____.

inclusions flagella membrane ribosomes wall wall

8. Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ________.

move in response to light move in response to a chemical not move in response to a chemical transport desired molecules into cells move in response to a chemical

10. Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed _____.

positive phototaxis negative phototaxis positive chemotaxis negative chemotaxis positive chemotaxis

13. Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

Slime layer Fimbriae Cell membrane Capsule All of the choices are correct. Capsule

7. The term that refers to flagella at both poles is _____.

amphitrichous atrichous lophotrichous monotrichous amphitrichous

6. The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is _____.

amphitrichous atrichous lophotrichous monotrichous lophotrichous

5. The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _____.

amphitrichous atrichous lophotrichous monotrichous peritrichous peritrichous