Chapter 3 Muscular Review
myodynia
muscle pain
rigor
muscle stiffness. occurs in dead bodies due to chemical changes in muscles.
NSAID
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic)
impingement syndrome
occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint
-dynia
pain
-plegia
paralysis
quadriplegia
paralysis of all four limbs
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
hemiplegia
paralysis of one side of the body
Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT)
process in which radiographic images of a specific section of the body are taken from multiple angles
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
progressive disease that weakens the muscles of the shoulder and pelvic girdle (affects mostly males)
elevation
raising a body part
RICE
rest, ice, compression, elevation
Epimysium
surrounds entire muscle
elasticity
the ability to flex and stretch then return back to its original shape
myocele
the herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it
goniometry
the measurement of range of motion in a joint
biopsy
the removal of living tissue from the body for diagnostic examination
myorrhexis
the rupture or tearing of a muscle
flex/o
to bend
Ad-
toward
Pronation
turning the palm downward
Eversion
turning the sole of the foot outward
-paresis
weakness
myoparesis
weakness or slight muscular paralysis
paraplegia
Paralysis of both legs and, often, the lower trunk.
Aspirin
NSAID example
plantar fasciitis
an inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot resulting in heel pain
circum-
around
ab
away from
dorsi-
back
dorsiflexion
bending of the foot or the toes upward
leiomyoma
benign tumor of smooth muscle such as heart, bladder, uterus)
rhabdomyoma
benign tumor of striated muscle that occurs on or in the smooth muscle of the heart
par-
beside, near
Circumduction
circular movement of a limb at the far end
Flaccidity
condition or state in which muscles are flabby, relaxed, or have defective or absent tone
hypertrophy
Excessive growth or abnormal enlargement of a muscle
Supination
movement that turns the palm up
sonography
A diagnostic imaging method involving the use of high-frequency sound waves to generate images of structures in the body like muscles, ligaments, dislocated structures
antispasmodic or anticholinergic
A drug prescribed to suppress smooth- muscle contractions of the bladder, stomach, or intestine.
atrophy
Wasting away or shrinkage of muscle size
hemiparesis
Weakness or slight paralysis on one side of the body.
Goniometry
is the measurement of the angles produced by joints during range-of-motion activity.
articul/o
joint
hypotonia
loss of muscle tone
rhabdomyosarcoma
malignant tumor of skeletal muscle
leiomyosarcoma
malignant tumor of smooth muscle
tetany
A state of sustained muscular contraction.
flaccidity
Condition or state in which muscles are flabby, relaxed, or have defective or absent tone. Tone is the normal tension present in muscles in a resting state.
paresthesia
Abnormal sensation such as burning, prickling, or tingling or numbness.
paresthesia
Abnormal sensation that typically is not painful, such as tingling, numbness, itching, prickling, or burning. An example of a common form of temporary paresthesia is when your foot "falls asleep," causing a "pins and needles" sensation after you have sat on it too long.
Adhesion
Adhesions are growths of fibrous (scar) connective tissue formed as a response to tissue trauma. They often result from abdominal surgery. If the adhesions cause severe pain or obstruct part of the bowel, they are removed surgically.
tremor
An involuntary, repetitive shaking or quivering of a part or parts of the body.
Endomysium
Connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber
myasthenia gravis
Chronic autoimmune disease characterized by voluntary muscle weakness that worsens after activity and improves after rest
nuclear medicine imaging
Diagnostic imaging technique in which a radioactive substance and a special camera are used to visualize structures and functions in the body.
radiography
Diagnostic imaging technique that uses electromagnetic waves to create images of the inside of the body.
muscular dystrophy (MD)
Genetic disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness and skeletal muscle deterioration .
ataxia
Inability to coordinate voluntary muscle activity characterized by shaky, unsteady movements.
deep tendon reflex
Involuntary muscle contractions that occur when the tendons associated with certain areas of the limbs (for example, the patella, or knee) are percussed with a refl ex hammer. DTRs are tested during a standard neurological exam.
spasm
Involuntary sudden movement or convulsive muscular contraction.
sarcopenia
Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function as a result of aging.
contracture
Permanent tightening of skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and fascia (a band or sheet of fibrous tissue that encloses muscle tissue) most commonly due to lack of use or immobilization.
medial rotation
Rotation toward the midline
extension
Straightening of a joint
Automaticity
The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own.
Perimysium
The connective tissue that surrounds fascicles.
sprain
The stretching or tearing of a ligament, which connects bone to bone.
strain
The stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon, the latter of which connects muscle to bone pulled muscle or pulled tendon
Inversion
Turning the sole of the foot inward
narcotic
a drug affecting the central nervous system, which can cause dizziness, euphoria, loss of memory, lack of coordination and unconsciousness.
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
a noninvasive screening test that involves use of electromagnetic field and radio waves to visualize soft tissues
shin splint
a painful condition caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia
Extensibility
ability to be stretched
Extensibility of Muscle Tissue
ability to extend/ lengthen of muscle tissue
Contractility
ability to shorten
myomalacia
abnormal softening of muscle tissue
abducts; flexes, extends, and rotates arm
action of this muscle
extends neck; elevates, adducts, and rotates the scapula
action of this muscle
raises eyebrows; wrinkles forehead
action of this muscle
range of motion testing
diagnostic test performed to evaluate the extent to which joints can be moved in a variety of directions
carpal tunnel syndrome
disorder marked by pain, burning, and itching or tingling due to an inflamed median nerve and tendons in the wrist
analgesic
drug that relieves pain
deep tendon reflexes (DTR)
evaluation of involuntary muscular responses with a reflex hammer; patients under heavy sedation or in deep coma do not show these reflexes
hypertophy
excessive growth or abnormal enlargement of a muscle
range of motion therapy
exercises performed to improve or maintain joint mobility and flexibility; active done by pt, assisted requires some help
Hyperextension
extension beyond anatomical position
fasci/o
fascia, fibrous band
adducts and rotates the thigh
gluteus medius
electromyogram
graphic recording of the contraction of a muscle as a result of electrical stimulationhe electrical activity in a muscle
-ceps
heads (attachments)
-cele
hernia swelling protrusion
tenotomy
incision into a tendon
fasciitis
inflammation of the fascia; fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches together
Goniometer
instrument used to measure joint angles