Chapter 3 Muscular Review

myodynia

muscle pain

rigor

muscle stiffness. occurs in dead bodies due to chemical changes in muscles.

NSAID

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic)

impingement syndrome

occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

-dynia

pain

-plegia

paralysis

quadriplegia

paralysis of all four limbs

paraplegia

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

hemiplegia

paralysis of one side of the body

Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT)

process in which radiographic images of a specific section of the body are taken from multiple angles

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

progressive disease that weakens the muscles of the shoulder and pelvic girdle (affects mostly males)

elevation

raising a body part

RICE

rest, ice, compression, elevation

Epimysium

surrounds entire muscle

elasticity

the ability to flex and stretch then return back to its original shape

myocele

the herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

goniometry

the measurement of range of motion in a joint

biopsy

the removal of living tissue from the body for diagnostic examination

myorrhexis

the rupture or tearing of a muscle

flex/o

to bend

Ad-

toward

Pronation

turning the palm downward

Eversion

turning the sole of the foot outward

-paresis

weakness

myoparesis

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

paraplegia

Paralysis of both legs and, often, the lower trunk.

Aspirin

NSAID example

plantar fasciitis

an inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot resulting in heel pain

circum-

around

ab

away from

dorsi-

back

dorsiflexion

bending of the foot or the toes upward

leiomyoma

benign tumor of smooth muscle such as heart, bladder, uterus)

rhabdomyoma

benign tumor of striated muscle that occurs on or in the smooth muscle of the heart

par-

beside, near

Circumduction

circular movement of a limb at the far end

Flaccidity

condition or state in which muscles are flabby, relaxed, or have defective or absent tone

hypertrophy

Excessive growth or abnormal enlargement of a muscle

Supination

movement that turns the palm up

sonography

A diagnostic imaging method involving the use of high-frequency sound waves to generate images of structures in the body like muscles, ligaments, dislocated structures

antispasmodic or anticholinergic

A drug prescribed to suppress smooth- muscle contractions of the bladder, stomach, or intestine.

atrophy

Wasting away or shrinkage of muscle size

hemiparesis

Weakness or slight paralysis on one side of the body.

Goniometry

is the measurement of the angles produced by joints during range-of-motion activity.

articul/o

joint

hypotonia

loss of muscle tone

rhabdomyosarcoma

malignant tumor of skeletal muscle

leiomyosarcoma

malignant tumor of smooth muscle

tetany

A state of sustained muscular contraction.

flaccidity

Condition or state in which muscles are flabby, relaxed, or have defective or absent tone. Tone is the normal tension present in muscles in a resting state.

paresthesia

Abnormal sensation such as burning, prickling, or tingling or numbness.

paresthesia

Abnormal sensation that typically is not painful, such as tingling, numbness, itching, prickling, or burning. An example of a common form of temporary paresthesia is when your foot "falls asleep," causing a "pins and needles" sensation after you have sat on it too long.

Adhesion

Adhesions are growths of fibrous (scar) connective tissue formed as a response to tissue trauma. They often result from abdominal surgery. If the adhesions cause severe pain or obstruct part of the bowel, they are removed surgically.

tremor

An involuntary, repetitive shaking or quivering of a part or parts of the body.

Endomysium

Connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber

myasthenia gravis

Chronic autoimmune disease characterized by voluntary muscle weakness that worsens after activity and improves after rest

nuclear medicine imaging

Diagnostic imaging technique in which a radioactive substance and a special camera are used to visualize structures and functions in the body.

radiography

Diagnostic imaging technique that uses electromagnetic waves to create images of the inside of the body.

muscular dystrophy (MD)

Genetic disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness and skeletal muscle deterioration .

ataxia

Inability to coordinate voluntary muscle activity characterized by shaky, unsteady movements.

deep tendon reflex

Involuntary muscle contractions that occur when the tendons associated with certain areas of the limbs (for example, the patella, or knee) are percussed with a refl ex hammer. DTRs are tested during a standard neurological exam.

spasm

Involuntary sudden movement or convulsive muscular contraction.

sarcopenia

Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function as a result of aging.

contracture

Permanent tightening of skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and fascia (a band or sheet of fibrous tissue that encloses muscle tissue) most commonly due to lack of use or immobilization.

medial rotation

Rotation toward the midline

extension

Straightening of a joint

Automaticity

The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own.

Perimysium

The connective tissue that surrounds fascicles.

sprain

The stretching or tearing of a ligament, which connects bone to bone.

strain

The stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon, the latter of which connects muscle to bone pulled muscle or pulled tendon

Inversion

Turning the sole of the foot inward

narcotic

a drug affecting the central nervous system, which can cause dizziness, euphoria, loss of memory, lack of coordination and unconsciousness.

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

a noninvasive screening test that involves use of electromagnetic field and radio waves to visualize soft tissues

shin splint

a painful condition caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia

Extensibility

ability to be stretched

Extensibility of Muscle Tissue

ability to extend/ lengthen of muscle tissue

Contractility

ability to shorten

myomalacia

abnormal softening of muscle tissue

abducts; flexes, extends, and rotates arm

action of this muscle

extends neck; elevates, adducts, and rotates the scapula

action of this muscle

raises eyebrows; wrinkles forehead

action of this muscle

range of motion testing

diagnostic test performed to evaluate the extent to which joints can be moved in a variety of directions

carpal tunnel syndrome

disorder marked by pain, burning, and itching or tingling due to an inflamed median nerve and tendons in the wrist

analgesic

drug that relieves pain

deep tendon reflexes (DTR)

evaluation of involuntary muscular responses with a reflex hammer; patients under heavy sedation or in deep coma do not show these reflexes

hypertophy

excessive growth or abnormal enlargement of a muscle

range of motion therapy

exercises performed to improve or maintain joint mobility and flexibility; active done by pt, assisted requires some help

Hyperextension

extension beyond anatomical position

fasci/o

fascia, fibrous band

adducts and rotates the thigh

gluteus medius

electromyogram

graphic recording of the contraction of a muscle as a result of electrical stimulationhe electrical activity in a muscle

-ceps

heads (attachments)

-cele

hernia swelling protrusion

tenotomy

incision into a tendon

fasciitis

inflammation of the fascia; fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches together

Goniometer

instrument used to measure joint angles