Chapter 3 (positioning) B
Exposure for an AP projection of the of abdomen should be taken on ______ (inspiration or expiration)
Expiration
Which decubitus position of the abdomen best demonstrates intraperitoneal Air in the abdomen
Left lateral decubitus
Why should a patient be placed in the decubitus position for a minimum of five minutes before exposure
to allow intraabdominal air to rise or abnormal fluids to accumulate
Which projection best demonstrates a possible aortic aneurysm in the prevertebral region of the abdomen
Lateral
Which decubitus position best demonstrates possible aneurysms, calcifications of the aorta, or umbilical hernias
Dorsal decubitus
To ensure the diaphragm is included on an erect abdomen projection, the central ray should be at the level of ____, which places the top of the 35 x 43 cm (14 x 17 in) IR as the level of the _____
2 in above iliac crest, axilla
What is the recommended overlap when using two crosswise images for an AP projection of a supine abdomen of a broad hypersthenic-type patient
3-5 cm or 1-2 inches
Which One of the following technical considerations would be most ideal for an AP abdomen of an average-size adult
70-80 kV, grid, 40 SID
List the projections commonly performed for an acute abdominal series or three-way abdomen of them series
AP supine, AP erect or lateral decubitus abdomen, PA chest erect
Gonadal shielding for females involves placing the top of the shield at or slightly above the level of the ____, with the bottom at the ____
ASIS, symphysis pubis
Terms: Bowel obstruction caused by a lack of intestinal peristalsis
Adynamic ileus
Radiographic appearance term: General abdominal haziness
Ascites
Terms: abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Ascites
Voluntary motion can best be prevented by ____ to the patient
Careful breathing instructions
With the use of iodinated contrast media, ____ is able to distinguish between a simple cyst or tumor of the liver
Computed tomography
Radiographic appearance term: distended loops of air filled small intestine
Crohn's disease
Terms: chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall that may result in bowel obstruction
Crohn's disease
True or false: because the liver margin is visible in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, it is not necessary to place a right or left anatomic side marker on the cassette before exposure
False
True or false: for an adult abdomen, a collimation margin must be visible on all four sides of the radiograph
False
True or false: it is always acceptable during KUB imaging practice to indicate the side of the body with a digital marker
False
Gonadal shielding for____ may be impossible for studies of the lower abdominopelvic region
Females
Which type of body habitus may require to crosswise images to be taken if the entire abdomen is to be included
Hyperstenic
The central ray is centered at the level of the _____ for a supine AP projection of the abdomen
Iliac crest
Rotation can be determined on a KUB radiograph by the loss of symmetric appearance of
Iliac wings, obturator foramina, ischial spines, outer rib margins
Why may the PA projection of a KUB generally be less desirable than the AP projection
Increased OID of kidneys on PA
Radiographic appearance term: Air filled "coiled spring" appearance
Intussusception
Terms: telescoping of a secretion of bowel into another loop of bowel
Intussusception
Gonadal shielding should NOT be used during abdomen radiography if:
It obscures essential anatomy
What scale of contrast is recommended for visualization of the abdominal structures on an of abdominal x-ray
Long
Which projection of the three-way acute abdominal series best demonstrates free air under the diaphragm
PA chest
Which projections requires a kV setting of 110 to 125
PA, erect chest for free air under diaphragm
Which abdominal structures is not visible on a properly exposed KUB
Pancreas
What are the two causes of voluntary motion
Patient breathing and movement
What is the primary cause for involuntary motion in the abdomen?
Peristaltic action of bowels
Radiographic appearance term: thin crest shaped radiolucency underneath diaphragm
Pneumoperitoneum
Terms: free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity
Pneumoperitoneum
Which of the following technical considerations is essential when performing abdomen studies on the young pediatric patient
Short exposure time, high speed image receptor, reduced kV and mAs
What is the best mechanism to control involuntary motion
Shortest exposure time
Why is it recommended to take abdominal radiographs at the end of patient expiration
To increase room for expansion of the abdominal organs within the abdominal cavity
True or false: A radiolucent pad should be placed underneath geriatric patients for added comfort
True
True or false: A tall asthenic patient may require two 35 x 43 cm (14 x 17 in) Image receptor's placed lengthwise if the entire abdomen is to be included
True
Which positioning routine should be used for an acute abdominal series if the patient is too ill to stand
Two way abdomen, AP supine abdomen and left lateral decubitus
Radiographic appearance term: deep airfield mucosal protrusions of colon wall
Ulcerative colitis
Terms: inflammatory condition of the colon
Ulcerative colitis
The preferred imaging modality for examining the gallbladder quickly is
Ultrasound
_____ is being used to evaluate patients with acute appendicitis
Ultrasound
Radiographic appearance term: large amount of air trapped in sigmoid colon with a tapered narrowing at the site of obstruction
Volvulus
Terms: A twisting of a loop of bowel creating an obstruction
Volvulus