Chapter 3 Reading Quiz
A researcher makes the following claim "There is a link between screen time and physical activity in kids". This is most likely a(n) ______________ claim. -None of the above -Causal -Frequency -Association
Association
An association claim involves -At least two measured variables -At least two manipulated variables -At least one manipulated and one measure variable -At least one measured variable
At least two measured variables
The phrase "may lead to" likely indicates what type of claim? -None of the above -Frequency -Association -Causal
Causal
A researcher is interested in studying intelligence. The researcher defines intelligence as the ability to adapt to new situations. This is an example of a(n) ________________ definition. -Scientific -Conceptual -Psychological -Operational
Conceptual
Which validity refers to how well a variable is manipulated? -Internal -Statistical -External -Construct
Construct
Which validity refers to how well a variable is measured? -Construct -Internal -Statistical -External
Construct
Which validity pertains to the extent to which the results of a study generalize to some larger population or other times and situations? -Construct -Statistical -Internal -External
External
A researcher is making the following claim. 44% of Americans struggle to stay happy. This is an example of what type of claim? -Application -Causal -Frequency -Association
Frequency
A manipulated variable is also known as a(n) ________ -Independent variable -Measured variable -Dependent variable -Confound
Independent variable
Which of the four big validities does NOT pertain to association claims? -External -Internal -Construct -Statistical
Internal
Which of the four big validities does NOT pertain to frequency claims? -Construct -External -Internal -Statistical
Internal
Which validity pertains to the degree to which a researcher is confident that the independent variable caused a change in the dependent variable? -Internal -External -Construct -Statistical
Internal
Operational using a variable involves describing how you will ______________. -Measure a variable -Manipulate and measure a variable -How important the variable is -Manipulate a variable
Manipulate and measure a variable
A ______________ variable is a variable a researcher controls, usually by assigning participants to different levels of that variable. -Constant -Confound -Manipulated -Measured
Manipulated
A frequency claim involves___________ -Two measured variables -One manipulated variable -One manipulated and one measured variable -One measured variable
One measured variable
Dr. Ellison finds a relation between the amount of sleep and problem solving. Specifically, having a higher amount of sleep the night before an exam is associated with higher scores on two measures of problem solving. This is an example of which type of association? -Curvilinear association -Negative association -Zero association -Positive association
Positive association
Which validity refers to the degree to which a study's statistical conclusions are accurate and reasonable? -Internal -Construct -External -Statistical
Statistical
To make a causal claim, researchers must satisfy the three rules of causation. To say that one variable has _______________ means that it comes first in time before the other variable. -Internal validity -Covariance -Temporal precedence -Association
Temporal precedence
A variable must have at least ____________levels. -Four -One -Three -Two
Two
Researchers might operationalize a variable by... -Measure physiological responses -Using self reports, measuring behavior and measuring physiological responses are all ways to operationalize a variable -Using a self-report measure -Measuring behavior
Using self reports, measuring behavior and measuring physiological responses are all ways to operationalize a variable
