Chapter 3 Reading Quiz

A researcher makes the following claim "There is a link between screen time and physical activity in kids". This is most likely a(n) ______________ claim. -None of the above -Causal -Frequency -Association

Association

An association claim involves -At least two measured variables -At least two manipulated variables -At least one manipulated and one measure variable -At least one measured variable

At least two measured variables

The phrase "may lead to" likely indicates what type of claim? -None of the above -Frequency -Association -Causal

Causal

A researcher is interested in studying intelligence. The researcher defines intelligence as the ability to adapt to new situations. This is an example of a(n) ________________ definition. -Scientific -Conceptual -Psychological -Operational

Conceptual

Which validity refers to how well a variable is manipulated? -Internal -Statistical -External -Construct

Construct

Which validity refers to how well a variable is measured? -Construct -Internal -Statistical -External

Construct

Which validity pertains to the extent to which the results of a study generalize to some larger population or other times and situations? -Construct -Statistical -Internal -External

External

A researcher is making the following claim. 44% of Americans struggle to stay happy. This is an example of what type of claim? -Application -Causal -Frequency -Association

Frequency

A manipulated variable is also known as a(n) ________ -Independent variable -Measured variable -Dependent variable -Confound

Independent variable

Which of the four big validities does NOT pertain to association claims? -External -Internal -Construct -Statistical

Internal

Which of the four big validities does NOT pertain to frequency claims? -Construct -External -Internal -Statistical

Internal

Which validity pertains to the degree to which a researcher is confident that the independent variable caused a change in the dependent variable? -Internal -External -Construct -Statistical

Internal

Operational using a variable involves describing how you will ______________. -Measure a variable -Manipulate and measure a variable -How important the variable is -Manipulate a variable

Manipulate and measure a variable

A ______________ variable is a variable a researcher controls, usually by assigning participants to different levels of that variable. -Constant -Confound -Manipulated -Measured

Manipulated

A frequency claim involves___________ -Two measured variables -One manipulated variable -One manipulated and one measured variable -One measured variable

One measured variable

Dr. Ellison finds a relation between the amount of sleep and problem solving. Specifically, having a higher amount of sleep the night before an exam is associated with higher scores on two measures of problem solving. This is an example of which type of association? -Curvilinear association -Negative association -Zero association -Positive association

Positive association

Which validity refers to the degree to which a study's statistical conclusions are accurate and reasonable? -Internal -Construct -External -Statistical

Statistical

To make a causal claim, researchers must satisfy the three rules of causation. To say that one variable has _______________ means that it comes first in time before the other variable. -Internal validity -Covariance -Temporal precedence -Association

Temporal precedence

A variable must have at least ____________levels. -Four -One -Three -Two

Two

Researchers might operationalize a variable by... -Measure physiological responses -Using self reports, measuring behavior and measuring physiological responses are all ways to operationalize a variable -Using a self-report measure -Measuring behavior

Using self reports, measuring behavior and measuring physiological responses are all ways to operationalize a variable