Chapter #3 Study Guide

According to the supremacy clause, the supreme law of the land consists of all of the following EXCEPT A.The Constitution B.Laws of the national government C.Treaties D.State laws

D

In what ways does federalism decentralize politics and policies?

Federalism gives the state's the responsibility of running both state and national elections

project grant

awarded on the basis of competitive applications

Extradition

legal process where alleged criminal is surrendered by officials of one state to that of another in which the alleged crime was committed

Education is a policy area that most exemplifies A.Dual federalism B.Cooperative Federalism C.Federal supremacy D.State supremacy

B

In the US, the federal government is responsible for most social, family, and moral public policies. A.True B.False

B

The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system is A.Cooperative federalism B.Fiscal federalism C.Extradition D.Categorical federalism

B

McCulloch v. Maryland established the two constitutional principles of A.Equality and freedom B.National supremacy and implied powers C.Checks and balances D.Federalism and intergovernmental relations

B

States and localities are always eager to recieve increased aid from the federal government A.True B.False

B

Using federal dollars in one program to influence state and local policy in another is called A.Cross cutting requirements B.Cross over sanctions C.Grantsmanship D.Fiscal Federalism

B

A type of grant awarded on the basis of competitive applications is the A.Project Grants B.Formula Grant C.Block Grant D.Fiscal Grant

A

Cooperative federalism has been likened to a A.Layer cake B.Marble Cake C.Upside down cake D.Fruit cake

B

McCulloch v. Maryland

An 1819 Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the national government over state governments. IN deciding this case, Chief Justice John Marshall and his colleagues held that Congress had certain implied powers in addition to the enumerated powers found in the Constitution.

Which of the following statements about the Constitution is FALSE? A.It forbids Congress to divide up individual states B.It makes the federal government responsible for elections C.It is unamendable as to the queal representation of the states in the Senate. D.It requires the national government to protect states against violence and invasion.

B

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A.States differ in the resources they can devote to services like public education B.Diversity in policy tends to encourage states to proved services that would otherwise not be available, such as generous welfare benefits. C.Local interests may be able to thwart national majority support of certain policies. D.The number of governments in the United States makes it difficult to know which governments are doing what.

B

A major consequence of the United tates changing from an agricultural to an industrial nation was A.An increase in the role of state governments B.A decrease in cooperative federalism C.An increase in demands on the national government for new policies D.A decrease in the number of federal grants

C

Categorical grants include all of the following EXCEPT A.Project grants B.Grants with strings attached C.Block Grants D.Fiscal grant

C

In 1791, the newly created national bank was regarde favorably by A.State legislatures B.Farmers C.Federalists D.Thomas Jefferson

C

In federalism, governmental power and authority is A.Concentrated with the federal government B.Concentrated with local governments C.Shared between governments D.Nonexistent

C

Powers given to the congress such as coin money, regulate value

Enumerated powers

Formula Grants

federal categorical grants given according to a formula specified in legislation or regulations

Why don't the states handle more issues?

It's constitutionally permissible, but not sensible to let the states handle a wide range of other issues. Most of the policies require the authority and resources of the national government.

Supremacy Clause

The clause of Article VI section 2 of the U.S. Constitution that declares that all laws and treaties made by the federal government shall be the "supreme law of the land."

How did industrialization increase the role of the national government?

The government has to restrain the large companies from creating monopolies and to encourage open competition.

How is cooperative federalism like a marble cake?

The government's have mingled responsibilities and blurred distinctions between the levels of government

The national League of Cities, the United States Conference of Mayors, and the Council of tate Governments are governmental interest groups A.True B.False

True

A general rule of federalism is that, the more money at stake, the more people will argue about its distribution A.True B.False

True

What is the significance of the tenth amendment?

The tenth amendment states that it does not make the state's power superior to the national government for activities not mentioned in the constitution.

Intergovernmental Relations

The workings of the federal system- the entire set of interactions among national, state, and local governments

For what reasons might a state not want to receive federal aid?

They have potentially expensive requirements that come with receiving the aid.

In this type of system, the national government can redraw the boundaries of local government or change their form.

Unitary Government

Unitary Government

a centralized government in which all government powers belong to a single central agency

Federalism

a way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have authority

dual federalism

both the national government and the states remain supreme within their own spheres

What is meant by "cross-over sanctions" and "cross-cutting requirements"?

cross-over sanctions: using federal dollars in one program to influences state and local policy in another (strings attached, hwy/drinking age) cross-cutting requirements: when a condition on one federal grant is extended to all activities supported by federal funds, regardless of their source (if you don't follow the requirements, you don't get the money)

cooperative federalism

powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and blame for programs that work poorly.

Enumerated powers

powers of the fed government specifically addressed in the constitution, powers listed in article one section 8

intergovernmental regulations

the entire set of interactions among national, state, and local governments

fiscal federalism

the pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government's relations within state and local governments.

Describe the three general obligations that each state has to every other state under the constitution.

• full faith and credit • extradition •privileges and immunities

List four advantages of federalism for democracy.

• opportunities for people to participate in government • increase access to government • even if a party loses at a national level, the state level is still strong • policy can be tailored to fit needs of local gov't

Explain the two types of categorical grants.

• project grants- given for specific purposes and awarded on the basis of merits of applications • formula grants- given according to a formula specified in legislation or administrative regulations

List four disadvantages of federalism for democracy.

• states differ in resources •diversity in policy can discourage states from providing services that would otherwise be available •local interest are able to thwart national majority support of certain policies (racial discrimination) • the large number of governments is a burden to democracy (over 87,000 governments)

Explain the three general standard operating procedures for cooperative federalism.

* shared costs- state can receive federal money if they pay part of the bill • federal guidelines- most federal grants to states come with strings attached (fund highway construction for the enforcement of the legal drinking age) • shared administration

Implied Powers

- powers of federal government that goes beyond those stated in the constitution; an example of this is creation of institutions not foreseen directly in the Constitution such as a national bank

Categorical grants A.Are the main source of federal aid to states and cities B.Are given more or less automatically C.Are designed to support broad programs D.Have very few strings attached

A

Conflict over federalism was at the center of the A.Civil war B.Revolutionary War C.War of 1812 D.World War I

A

The Constitution grants the national government exclusive power to A.Coin money B.Tax C.Establish courts D.Charter banks

A

Which of the following is NOT a standard operating procudure of cooperative federalism? A.Exclusive control by state agencies B.Shared costs C.Federal guidelines D.Shared administration

A

Federalism conrtibutes to democracy by A.Creating more opportunities for participation in democracy B.Increasing the opportunities for government to be responsive to demands for policies C.Ensuring that each state can establish a power base to promote its interests D.All of the above

D

The Constitution specifically denies to states the power to A.Make and enforce laws B.Conduct election C.Establish local governments D.Tax imports and exports

D

The federal system in America decentralizes A.Politics B.Government C.Policies D.All of the above

D

The question of how national and state powers are related was largely settled by A.The civil rights movement B.The case of McCulloch v. Maryland C.The civil war D.All of the above

D

Gibbons v. Ogden

A landmark case decided in 1824 in which the Supreme Court interpreted very broadly the clause in Article I, Secion 8, of the Constitution giving Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce, encompassing virtually every form of commercial activity. The commerce clause has been the constitutional basis for much of Congress's regulation of the economy.

An example of a unitary government is A.The United States B.Canada C.Mexico D.France

D

Explain the difference between enumerated powers and implied powers.

Enumerated powers- powers that are specifically addressed in the constitution Implied powers- powers of the federal government that go beyond the enumerated powers

Full Faith & Credit Clause

Article 4, section 1 ; requires each state to recognize official documents & civil judgments rendered by the courts of other states

elastic clause

Authorizes Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the enumerated powers. See also implied powers.

New Deal and civil rights legislation illustrate the powers of the national government as derived through its constitutional requirement to regulate A.Foreign policy B.Interstate commerce C.The military D.Elections

B

On of the country's ablest lawyers, who argued the case for Maryland before the Supreme court in McCulloch v. Maryland was A.Daniel Webster B.Luther Martin C.Thomas Jefferson D.John Hancock

B

The constitutional requirement that states must return a person charged with a crime in another state to that state for trial or imprisonment is called A.Full faith and credit B.Extradition C.Privileges and immunities D.Dual federalism

B

The federal aid programs that allow states some discretion in deciding how to spend the money are A.Categorical grants B.Block grants C.Project grants D.Formula grants

B

In dual federalism the A.States are supreme over all policies B.National government is supreme over all policies C.Powers and policy responsibilities of the government layers are distinct D.Administration of programs is shared by governmental units

C

The American wish Disabilities Act of 1990 is an example of A.The federal courts creating unfunded mandates for the states B.The federal government unintentionally creating financial obligation for the states C.A congressional law creating financial obligations for the states but providing no funds to meet these obligations D.The federal government attaching conditions to federal grants-in-aid

C

The goal of the principle of privileges and immunities is to A.Make the public acts, records, and civil proceedings of each state legal and binding in all states B.Allow for a person charged with a crime in another state to be returned to that state for trial or imprisonment C.Prohibit states from discriminating against citizens of other states D.Require the national government to give each state an equivalent share of federal grant money

C

The implied powers of Congress A.Include its powers to coin money and impose taxes B.Were listed in the Tenth Amendment C.Mean that Congress has powers that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution D.Mean that Congress can make laws that are unconstitutional

C

The tenth ammedment provides for A.Universal suffrage B.Civil liberties C.The delegation of power to the states and the people D.The abolition of slavery

C

Voter turnout in local elections is often A.More than for presidential elections B.Over 50 percent C.Less than 20 percent D.The same as for presidential elections.

C

Which of the following statements regarding the states is FALSE? A.The states constitute a national laboratory to develop and test public policies B.Almost every policy the national government has adopted had its beginnings in the states C.The states rarely produce policy innovations D.The states often share the results of new policy ideas with other states and the national government

C

The battle for racial equality A.Has been fought exclusively at the state level B.Was resolved by the Thirteenth, Fifteenth, and Nineteenth Amendments C.Ended with the end of the Civil War D.Demonstrates national supremacy in the federal system

DThe constitutional requirement that states must return a person charged with a crime in another state to that state for trial or imprisonment is called A.Full faith and credit B.Extradition C.Privileges and immunities D.Dual federalism

Federalism tends to increase the amount of decision making and conflict at the national level. A.True B.False

False

Labor unions tend to channel their demands for public policies through state governments rather than through the national government A.True B.False

False

The Supreme Court has clearly identified which privileges a state must make available to all Americans, and which privileges can be limited to its own citizens A.True B.False

False

The federal grants-in-aid system gives the national government very little control over the state. A.True B.False

False

The majority of the world's governments are federal systems A.True B.False

False

The term federalism is found repeatedly in the Constitution A.True B.False

False

When it comes to presidential campaigns, the candidates can basically ignore the states A.True B.False

False

categorical grants

Federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes or "categories," of state and local spending. They come with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions. Compare to block grants.

In this case, the supreme court broadly defined commerce to include virtually every form of commercial activity.

Gibson v. Ogden

Tenth Amendment

Last amendment in the Bill of Rights that states that any powers not given to the national government will be given to the individual states

Supremacy of the national government over states was what case?

McCulloh V. Maryland

How is dual federalism like a layered cake?

National government's responsibilities are the top layer and state government's responsibilities are the bottom layer of the cake.

In McCulloch v. maryland, the Supreme COurt stated that as long as the national government behaves in accordance with the Constitution, its policies take precedence over state policies. A.True B.False

True

Sometimes social issues become national issues when groups try to use the power of the national government to influence the states A.True B.False

True

The American states are unitary with respect to their local governments A.True B.False

True

block grant

federal grants that are given almost automatically to states and/or communities to support broad programs in areas

Privileges & Immunities

guarantees that "citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens" in any other state in the United States

List the three items that are considered the supreme law of the land.

• the constitution • laws of the national government • treaties

Define the three ways of organizing a nation that were discussed in the text.

• unitary- national government holds most power • confederate- state government holds most power • federal- combination of both unitary and confederate