Chapter 3

Delay of gratification

The ability to wait for a more desirable reward instead of taking a less desirable reward immediately

masculine-feminine dimension

a continuum of authority from heirarchical (masculine) to egalitarian (feminine)

shame

a prominent negative emotion in collectivistic cultures that involves an individuals sense of regret for having engaged ina negative behavior that reflects badly upon his or her family and/or upbringing

guilt

a prominent negative emotion in individualist cultures that involves an individuals sense of personal regret for having engaged in a negative behavior

Collectivism

a social pattern in which individuals tend to be motivated by the groups or collectives preferences, needs, and rights when they come into conflict with those of the individual

Individualism

a social pattern in which individuals tend to be motivated by their own preferences, needs, and rights when they come into conflict with those of a group or collective in which the individual is a member

people/nature relationships

how people relate to nature, be it subjugated to nature, in harmony with nature, or mastery over time

countercultural individuals

idiocentric individuals residing in collectivistic culture, or allocentric individuals residing in an individualistic culture

Idiocentrism

individualistic tendencies that reside within an individual. individualism refers to the society, whereas idiocentrism refers to an individual

saving face

involves being able to protect ones public persona

individualistic

is the same as individualism

losing face

loss of face involves being publicly revealed for negative behavior

lineal orientation

os a respect for the hierarchy within ones family

Worldview

A psychological perception of the world that determines how we think, behave, feel

Emic Perspective

An attempt to derive meaningful concepts within one culture

ALANA

Helms acronym for african americans, latinos, asian americans, and native americans

VREG

Helms acronym for members of visible racial/ethnic groups

Imposited etics

The imposition of one cultures worldview on another culture, assuming that ones own worldviews are universal

Etic perspective

an attempt to build theories of human behaviors by examining commonalities across many culturesm examines from outside

time focus

an orientation that values a particular time perspective. some cultures value the past, some value the preset, and some value the future. although all cultures value all three, some cultures value one of these perspectives more than do other cultures

allocentrism

collectivistic tendencies that reside within an individuals. collectivism refers to the society whereas allocentrism refers to an indviduals

collateral orienation

essentially same as collectivism

face giving

extolling the virtues of another person in public. It would be considered boastful and individualistic if the individual did this himself/herself

being

refers to an individuals being accepted as he or she is

doing

refers to an individuals being valued for the activity in which he or she is engaged

being and becoming

refers to an individuals evolving into something different and presumanle better

human activity

the distinction among being, being and in becoming, and doing.

social relations

the distinction among lineal, collateral, and individualistic

locus of control

the focus of control over outcomes of ones life, be it internal or external control

locus of responsibility

the focus of responsibility for ones positive for ones position in life, be it internal feelings of responsibility or external, societal responsibility