Chapter 3
Delay of gratification
The ability to wait for a more desirable reward instead of taking a less desirable reward immediately
masculine-feminine dimension
a continuum of authority from heirarchical (masculine) to egalitarian (feminine)
shame
a prominent negative emotion in collectivistic cultures that involves an individuals sense of regret for having engaged ina negative behavior that reflects badly upon his or her family and/or upbringing
guilt
a prominent negative emotion in individualist cultures that involves an individuals sense of personal regret for having engaged in a negative behavior
Collectivism
a social pattern in which individuals tend to be motivated by the groups or collectives preferences, needs, and rights when they come into conflict with those of the individual
Individualism
a social pattern in which individuals tend to be motivated by their own preferences, needs, and rights when they come into conflict with those of a group or collective in which the individual is a member
people/nature relationships
how people relate to nature, be it subjugated to nature, in harmony with nature, or mastery over time
countercultural individuals
idiocentric individuals residing in collectivistic culture, or allocentric individuals residing in an individualistic culture
Idiocentrism
individualistic tendencies that reside within an individual. individualism refers to the society, whereas idiocentrism refers to an individual
saving face
involves being able to protect ones public persona
individualistic
is the same as individualism
losing face
loss of face involves being publicly revealed for negative behavior
lineal orientation
os a respect for the hierarchy within ones family
Worldview
A psychological perception of the world that determines how we think, behave, feel
Emic Perspective
An attempt to derive meaningful concepts within one culture
ALANA
Helms acronym for african americans, latinos, asian americans, and native americans
VREG
Helms acronym for members of visible racial/ethnic groups
Imposited etics
The imposition of one cultures worldview on another culture, assuming that ones own worldviews are universal
Etic perspective
an attempt to build theories of human behaviors by examining commonalities across many culturesm examines from outside
time focus
an orientation that values a particular time perspective. some cultures value the past, some value the preset, and some value the future. although all cultures value all three, some cultures value one of these perspectives more than do other cultures
allocentrism
collectivistic tendencies that reside within an individuals. collectivism refers to the society whereas allocentrism refers to an indviduals
collateral orienation
essentially same as collectivism
face giving
extolling the virtues of another person in public. It would be considered boastful and individualistic if the individual did this himself/herself
being
refers to an individuals being accepted as he or she is
doing
refers to an individuals being valued for the activity in which he or she is engaged
being and becoming
refers to an individuals evolving into something different and presumanle better
human activity
the distinction among being, being and in becoming, and doing.
social relations
the distinction among lineal, collateral, and individualistic
locus of control
the focus of control over outcomes of ones life, be it internal or external control
locus of responsibility
the focus of responsibility for ones positive for ones position in life, be it internal feelings of responsibility or external, societal responsibility