Chapter 3
A physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails is ______________.
A dermatologist is a physician who specializes in dermatology, a medical branch of science that involves the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.
Which sentence is the best way to explain how a person's skin color is determined?
A person's skin color is determined by a combination of internal and external factors, such as how much melanin the skin produces and the person's exposure to sun.
Which of the following is an important function of sudoriferous glands?
Also known as sweat glands, sudoriferous glands regulate body temperature and help eliminate waste products from the body.
What does a broad-spectrum sunscreen do?
Broad spectrum means it protects people from both types of radiation the sun emits.
What do healthy collagen fibers allow the skin to do?
Healthy collagen fibers allow the skin to stretch and contract.
Which nerve fibers are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to the hair follicles?
Motor nerve fibers are fibers of the motor nerves that are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles; they carry impulses from the brain to the muscles
The acid mantle is the protective barrier made up of sebum, lipids, sweat, and_______.
The acid mantle is the protective barrier made up of sebum, lipids, sweat, and water.
A person with very fair skin has less activity in the _____________.
The more activity in a person's melanocytes, the darker the skin will be.
What is one way skin protects the body from pathogens?
The skin's average pH of 5.5 protects the body from pathogens.
Your client works daily in the sun and has noticed some changes to the skin. The client asks for your advice for protecting the skin and avoiding any long-term skin damage. What advice would you give?
To keep skin healthy, it is important to wear a broad-spectrum sunscreen, moisturize daily, and keep skin free of disease.
The two types of pigment produced in an individual are ______________.
UV pigments do not exist.
What is one reason it is important for cosmetologists to understand the structure and function of skin?
Clients expect their beauty providers to give them state-of-the-art advice.
Both collagen and elastin are mostly composed of _____.
Collagen and elastin are tissues made from protein.
What is the primary difference between collagen and elastin when it comes to the function of each one?
Collagen is made up of protein fibers that give skin its form and strength, whereas elastin allows flexibility in the skin.
The tiny grains of pigment deposited into cells of the epidermis and dermis are called _____.
Melanin are tiny grains of pigment deposited into the epidermis and dermis.
Nerve fibers that convey impulses from the spinal cord to muscles or glands are called _____ nerve fibers.
Motor nerve fibers transmit impulses from the spinal cord to the muscles or glands.
What causes elastin and collagen to weaken over time?
Over time, gravity causes elastin and collagen to weaken.
Your client has rosy skin and red hair. What explains this hair color and skin pigment?
People who have a pheomelanin dominance tend to have rosy skin and red hair.
A fatty or oily secretion that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair is_______.
Sebum is a fatty or oily secretion that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair.
______________ fibers react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain.
Sensory nerve fibers of the sensory nerves react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain.
The skin's absorption function allows the skin to absorb some ingredients ______.
Skin is able to absorb some fatty materials between the cells and through the hair follicles.
Fatty tissue found below the dermis is ____________tissue.
Subcutaneous tissue is also known as adipose or subcutis tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fats for energy, and acts as a protective cushion for the skin.
Which layer of the dermis connects the dermis to the epidermis?
The dermal/epidermal junction connects the dermis to the epidermis.
The outermost and thinnest layer of the skin is the ______ .
The epidermis is the skin's outermost and thinnest layer.
What is one way the skin's secretion function helps the body?
The fatty oil the skin secretes keeps skin soft and pliable.
Which of the following correctly identifies the layers of skin and fat from the outermost layer to the innermost layer?
The layers of skin and fat from the outermost layer to the innermost layer are epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous.
When clients react to temperature, they are exhibiting the skin's _____ function.
The skin responds to heat, cold, pressure, touch, and pain.
What is the function of the stratum corneum?
The stratum corneum's function is to protect underlying tissues from infection, dehydration, chemicals, and mechanical stress.
The sudoriferous glands excrete perspiration, detoxify the body, and ______________.
The sudoriferous glands regulate body temperature, excrete perspiration, and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals.
Skin gets its strength, form, and flexibility from ______________.
collagen and elastin