chapter 30, 31 exam bio 2 32

After embryonic development, members of the phylum Rotifera are incapable of:

cell division

Segmentation is important in annelids as an aid in:

locomotion

Segmentation in arthropods differs from that of annelids because arthropod segments are:

more specialized

Birds are most closely related to:

reptiles

In which group did the amniotic egg first evolve?

reptiles

Adult tunicates resemble ____and are ____.

sponges; filter feeders

Which was the primary challenge animals faced in adapting to life on land?

the desiccating effect of the atmosphere

Sea stars eat:

mostly crustaceans and mollusks

Deuterostomes are characterized by ____ and ____ cleavage.

radial; indeterminate

The anterior end of a tapeworm is known as the:

scolex

Which arthropod has chelicerae, pedipalps, and silk glands?

spider

Order ____ includes the snakes

squamata

What is the mode of nutrition for most Poriferans?

suspension/filter feeders

What is the key characteristic that defines the Ecdysozoa clade?

the animal molts

A true body cavity completely surrounded by ____ is called a coelom.

a mesoderm

Echinoderms are unique because:

their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical while the adult is pentaradially symmetrical

Mammals descended from a group of reptiles known as:

therapsids

Which of the below are living descendants of the dinosaurs?

birds

The diverse body plans seen in Animalia apparently developed during the:

cambrian period

Sea stars are primarily:

carnivores

You are told that the digestive tract of the animal you are studying developed an anus before a mouth. You realize that you may be looking at a(n):

cat

Sponges have specialized cells, but those cells are not organized into:

tissues

What is the purpose of protonephridia in flatworms?

to regulate fluid balance

The ____ are very common arthropod Paleozoic fossils, and are extinct today.

tribolites

A member of subphylum Chelicerata is a(n) spider.

true

Malpighian tubules are used for excretion

true

Members of phylum Arthropoda have paired, jointed appendages.

true

Members of the Ecdysozoa clade are characterized by having a cuticle.

true

From an evolutionary perspective, true nerve cells are first seen in the phylum:

cnidaria

Your abdominal cavity, which contains most of your major organs, is a:

coelom lined by mesoderm.

The earliest mammals resembled small:

dogs

The chordate nerve cord is hollow and located

dorsally

A marine invertebrate placed into freshwater would have difficulty surviving because:

it would have difficulty with osmoregulation

Which animal phylum has an asymmetrical body plan?

porifera (sponges)

Ribbon worms have a unique ____ that is used to capture prey.

proboscis

Lancelets are:

filter feeders

A grasshopper belongs in the Ecdysozoa clade because of its ability to:

molt

Which are the animals with a crown of cilia that look like a spinning wheel?

rotifers

Which structure is used to help regulate buoyancy of fish?

swim bladder

Which is a unique adaptation in insects not found in any other arthropod?

wings

Where does digestion in a sponge takes place?

individual cells

Which class of animals has the largest number of species?

insecta

Spiny echidnas are unlike other mammals in that they:

do not have nipples

What is the mode of nutrition for clams and oysters?

filter feeders

Because it is an enclosed compartment of fluid under pressure, the coelom can serve as a _____, which shapes the body of soft animals.

hydrostatic skeleton

The veliger larval form is unique to:

mollusks

Which of the following explains why fewer animals live in freshwater than in the ocean?

freshwater is typically hypotonic to tissue fluids

. Which of the following is an adaptation that enables cephalopods to escape from their predators?

rapidly changing colors

Tunicates are ____ in the phylum ____.

urochordates; chordata

A fish with a cartilaginous skeleton and paired fins would be in the group:

Chondrichthyes.

Which statement best supports why animals most likely evolved in the ocean?

Internal fluid and salt balance was easy to maintain

Which of the following is a major problem for sessile animals?

They are unable to escape unfavorable environmental conditions

How do leeches differ from other annelids?

They do not have setae or parapodia

Which of the following characteristics about animals is FALSE?

a. Animals are consumers. b. Animals have specialized cells. [c. Animals cannot respond to stimuli.] d. Animals are multicellular eukaryotes. e. Animals have a life cycle of development.

In cnidarians, nematocysts are housed within why type of specialized cell?

cnidocytes

Hagfishes are differentiated from lampreys and all other fishes in that:

hagfishes lack vertebrae

The phylum name Arthropoda refers to:

jointed appendages

Complete ____ reduces competition among insects within the same species; larval forms do not compete with adults for food or habitats.

metamorphesis

One characteristic of class Bivalvia is that they:

possess two shells with a hinge

Which structure do numerous mollusks use to scrape algae off rocks?

radula

Which is critical to polychaete and oligochaete locomotion?

setae

Ctenophores capture food:

using adhesive glue cells that trap prey

Which characteristic best describes vertebrates?

vertebral collumn

The most unique feature of the echinoderms is their:

water vascular system

The first land animals likely moved onto land how long ago?

450 million years ago

How is a pseudocoelom different from a coelom?

A coelom is a cavity fully lined by mesoderm.

Which of the following statements about arthropods is FALSE?

Arthropods have an incomplete digestive tract.

Describe the modifications seen in birds for flight. Include modifications in as many body systems as possible.

Birds are light, and many body systems show reductions to reduce weight; their bones may be hollow; their respiratory system is particularly efficient to meet the energetic demands of flight; uric acid is excreted often; their senses are well developed, which allows precise flight; many migrate great distances to facilitate reproduction in optimal habitats.

Salamanders are members of the order:

Caudata

List two characteristics that have contributed to the biological success of the insects, and briefly explain the adaptive value of each characteristic that you identified.

Exoskeleton: protection against predators and water loss. Segmentation: allows mobility and permits specialization of segments. Jointed appendages: can be specialized for locomotion and feeding. Ability to fly: facilitate wide distribution and survival. High reproductive capacity including metamorphosis: survival of the species

Which statement best describes a lophophore?

It is a ciliated ring of tentacles surrounding the mouth

What are the two clades of the protostomes?

Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa

Compare and contrast characteristics of amphibians and reptiles. Include morphological structures, differences in reproduction, respiration, circulation, and their habitats.

Most amphibians are tetrapods, and many have tails; the skin of amphibians is moist and participates in gas exchange, whereas reptiles rely on lungs; many amphibians lay eggs in water, and larvae known as tadpoles are free-swimming; reptiles lay amniotic eggs; amphibians have a three-chambered heart, and some reptiles have a four-chambered heart (the remainder have three chambers); because of their reproductive habits, most amphibians must return to water to lay eggs; reptiles typically bury their shelled eggs and may thrive in arid habitats. Many amphibians undergo metamorphosis during development but reptiles do not.

How do protostomes differ from deuterostomes?

Protostomes undergo spiral cleavage during development.

Describe the shared derived characteristics that support grouping the hemichordates, chordates, and echinoderms together as deuterostomes.

Shared derived characteristics that support grouping the hemichordates, chordates, and echinoderms together as deuterostomes are similarities in patterns of development as illustrated by radial, indeterminate cleavage and blastopore development into an anus not mouth Shared derived anatomical characteristics include endoskeletons and true coeloms.

Which is a characteristic of tapeworms?

Tapeworms have bodies that consist of hundreds of reproductive segments.

Order ____ includes the turtles and tortoises.

Testudines

Which statement about the development of a coelom is FALSE?

[a. It requires animals to have either two or three tissue layers.] b. It requires the endoderm to be covered by mesoderm. c. It occurs in protostomes and deuterostomes. d. It may occur by random. e. It is a fluid-filled cavity.

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation needed for living on land?

a. egg shell b. internal fertilization c. skeletal system and muscles [d. external respiratory surfaces] e. embryo development within the female

Which pair of words is incorrectly matched?

a. tail end − posterior b. mesoderm − muscles [c. coelom − nο body cavity] d. deuterostomes − radial cleavage e. triploblastic − bilateral organism

Metamorphosis occurs in which of the following vertebrate classes?

amphibia

Tetrapods include

amphibians, reptiles, and mammals

The head end of an animal is known as its:

anterior end

One true characteristic of all animals is that they:

are heterotrophs

The first air-breathing land animals were:

arthropods

The first function of feathers was most likely:

as color displays in courtship rituals

A nauplius larva is characteristic of:

crustaceans

Which arthropods have mandibles, gills, excretory glands, and statocysts?

crustaceans

Members of the phylum ____ are the simplest organisms with a separate mouth and anus.

ctenophora

Diploblastic animals, such as cnidarians and ____, have only two germ layers, ectoderm and ____.

ctenophores; endoderm

The ____ of an earthworm allows them to resist desiccation in terrestrial environments.

cuticle

Which group of organisms display radial cleavage during development?

echinoderms

Which of the following phyla is a deuterostome?

echinoderms

The epidermis of a nematode is derived from the:

ectoderm

The lining of the digestive tube is formed from:

endoderm

What term describes how most sponges can produce both male and female gametes?

hermaphroditic

____ is an anticoagulant used by leeches.

hirudin

What molecular evidence have been found in cnidarians, which have radial symmetry, that is evidence to indicate cnidarians share a common ancestor with bilateral animals?

hox genes

All echinoderms are found:

in marine habitats

Urochordates are odd chordates, as typically only the ____ show(s) the basic chordate characteristics.

larva

The monotremes are an unusual group of mammals because they:

lay eggs

Snakes are most closely related to:

lizards

Most mollusks are:

marine

In scyphozoans, the ____ is the dominant body form.

medusa

The ____ gives rise to muscles, bones, and the circulatory system.

mesoderm

Arthropods with mandibles, a single pair of antennae, and two legs on most body segments are:

millipedes

You have a sample of cat emesis (vomit) and find worms in the sample. The cylindrical worms are long and slender, pointed at each end, with no other distinguishing characteristics. You conclude they are members of which phylum?

nematoda

Which term can be applied to both monotremes and sharks

oviparous

. Most reptiles are ____ and their fertilization is ____.

oviparous, internal

Which term describes an animal that lays eggs?

oviparus

Sharks that are ____ incubate their eggs within the mother's body

ovovivioparus

Which of the following terms is associated with polychaetes?

parapodia

The larvae of some cnidarians are known as ____ larvae.

planula

Compare and contrast monotremes and Metatheria (marsupials). Identify two representatives of each group

Both monotremes and marsupials belong to the clade Protheria. Monotremes are egg laying mammals. Monotremes are represented by duck billed platypus. The marsupials are pouched animals that bear their young live. Kangaroos represent marsupials.

Class ____ includes mostly extinct species and a few current species such as feather stars and sea lilies

Crinoidea

The first animals to show cephalization have several characteristics. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

a. These animals were triploblastic. [b. These animals had a proboscis.] c. These animals were in phylum Platyhelminthes. d. These animals are placed in the group Lophotrochozoa. e. These animals followed the protostome pattern of embryonic development.

Which statement about echinoderms is FALSE?

a. They develop as deuterostomes. b. They fall within the group Bilateria. [c. They show evidence of segmentation.] d. The fall on the eumetazoan branch of animals. e. They fall within the group Deuterostomia.

The common ancestor of all animals is/are the:

choanoflagellates

an ____ is a characteristic of an echinoderm

endoskeleton

Within the chordate classes, the unique characteristic of the class Aves is:

feathers

. Like the cnidarians, flatworms depend on ____ for achieving circulation and gas exchange.

diffusion

Which statement about bilateral symmetry is FALSE?

[a. Bilateral symmetry evolved in cnidarians.] b. Bilateral animals tend to have cephalization. c. Bilaterally symmetrical animals has three axes. d. Bilateral symmetry animals have a mesoderm. e. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral surfaces.

In most protostomes, the blastopore develops into the:

mouth

Gas exchange in terrestrial insects is accomplished through:

the use of tracheae

Which is a characteristic of all annelids?

they have a segmented body

Sponges are believed to have arisen from the choanoflagellates because they possess:

collar cells

The intermediate host for a blood fluke is a:

snail

If adult sponges are sessile, why can they still be classified as animals?

sponge larvae are motile