Chapter 30 Part 1

criminal syndicalism laws (Identify the historical significance) a. All choices are correct. b. These nefarious laws outlawed the mere advocacy of violence to secure social change. c. Stump speakers for the International Workers of the World, or IWW, were special targets. d. Passed by many states during the red scare.

All choices are correct.

Which of the following best characterizes the stance of the writers associated with the literary flowering of the 1920s, such as Sinclair Lewis and F. Scott Fitzgerald? a. Nostalgia for the "good old days" b. Sympathy for Protestant fundamentalism c. Criticism of middle-class conformity and materialism d. Commitment to the cause of racial equality e. Advocacy of cultural isolationism

Criticism of middle-class conformity and materialism

Scopes Trial (Identify the historical significance) a. Pitting Christian fundamentalists against creationists. b. All choices are correct. c. A court case that took place during the summer of 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee, over the issue of whether evolution could be taught in public schools. d. The trial eventually produced celebratory results for fundament

A court case that took place during the summer of 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee, over the issue of whether evolution could be taught in public schools.

Al Capone (Identify the historical significance) a. A notorious Chicago bootlegger and gangster during prohibition, Capone evaded conviction for murder but served most of an eleven-year sentence for tax evasion. b. African American poet and leading literary voice of the Harlem Renaissance. His modernist poems incorporated colloquial black speech and gave poetic expression to the twentieth-century African American condition. c. The unsuccessful Democratic candidate for president in 1924. The wealthy, Wall Street-connected Davis was no less conservative than his opponent, Calvin Coolidge. d. The "Sage of Baltimore," he established himself as the nation's leading critic and literary stylist in the early twentieth century. Championing liberal, modernist causes, he led the assault on William Jennings Bryan's Fundamentalist crusade at the Scopes "Monkey Trial."

A notorious Chicago bootlegger and gangster during prohibition, Capone evaded conviction for murder but served most of an eleven-year sentence for tax evasion.

Mitchell Palmer (Identify the historical significance) a. Along with Randolph Bourne, early-twentieth-century commentators who wrote against the grain of "one-hundred-percent" Americanism, celebrating ethnic diversity and cultural pluralism. Their essays left behind an important legacy for later writers on pluralism and civil rights. b. A zealous prosecutor and anti-red, Palmer served as attorney general during the post-World War I "red scare," when thousands of foreign nationals were deported because of suspected subversive activities. c. Along with Bartolomeo Vanzetti, Italian anarchists convicted in 1921 of the murder of a paymaster and a security guard at a Massachusetts shoe factory. Despite a worldwide public outcry, they were electrocuted in 1927. d. Harvard-educated poet who became one of the twentieth century's most influential practitioners of "high modernism." His poetic masterpieces included The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock and The Waste Land.

A zealous prosecutor and anti-red, Palmer served as attorney general during the post-World War I "red scare," when thousands of foreign nationals were deported because of suspected subversive activities.

Which of the following was NOT a figure in the Harlem Renaissance? a. James Weldon Johnson b. A. Philip Randolph c. Josephine Baker d. Langston Hughes e. Zora Neale Hurston

A. Philip Randolph

Fundamentalism (Identify the historical significance) a. It opposed religious modernism. which sought to reconcile religion and science. b. It was especially strong in the Baptist Church and the Church of Christ, first organized in 1906. c. A Protestant Christian movement emphasizing the literal truth of the Bible. d. All choices are correct.

All choices are correct.

Margaret Sanger (Identify the historical significance) a. In 1916 she endured the first of many arrests for illegally distributing information about contraception. b. All choices are correct. c. In 1916, she established the first birth-control clinic in the United States. d. A nurse and prominent birth-control activist who founded the American Birth Control League in 1921, which eventually became the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.

All choices are correct.

Immigration Act of 1924 (Identify the historical significance) a. Also known as the "National Immigration Act," this law established quotas for immigration to the United States. Immigration from northern and western Europe was sharply curtailed, while immigrants from Asia were shut out altogether. b. Also known as the "National Origins Act," this law unlimited immigration to the United States. Immigration from southern and eastern Europe was sharply curtailed, while immigrants from Asia were shut out altogether. c. None of the choices are correct. d. Also known as the "National Origins Act," this law established quotas for immigration to the United States. Immigration from southern and eastern Europe was sharply curtailed, while immigrants from Asia were shut out altogether.

Also known as the "National Origins Act," this law established quotas for immigration to the United States. Immigration from southern and eastern Europe was sharply curtailed, while immigrants from Asia were shut out altogether.

Sigmund Freud (Identify the historical significance) a. None of the choices are correct. b. Freud was known for his argument that violent repression was responsible for a variety of physical ills. c. One of the most influential minds of the nineteenth century. d. An Austrian physician who led the way in developing the field of psychoanalysis.

An Austrian physician who led the way in developing the field of psychoanalysis.

Which of the following best describes the Harlem Renaissance? a. The establishment of the back-to-Africa movement b. The rehabilitation of a decaying urban area c. The most famous art show of the early twentieth century d. An outpouring of Black artistic and literary creativity e. The beginning of the NAACP

An outpouring of Black artistic and literary creativity

What did cultural Pluralists like Horace Kallen and Randolph Bourne argue? a. Spanish and English should both be recognized as official American languages. b. The American political system should be reformed to reflect cultural interests instead of the interests of states and regions. c. Immigrants should not be required to melt into the Anglo American norm but should maintain and develop their diverse cultures within the United States. d. Catholicism and Judaism should be regarded as completely American religions as much as Protestantism. e. German and Austrian immigrants should be "100% Americanized."

Immigrants should not be required to melt into the Anglo American norm but should maintain and develop their diverse cultures within the United States.

What were the first widespread commercial airplanes used for? a. Crop spraying b. Mail delivery c. Tourist travel d. Commuting to work e. Bulk cargo shipping

Mail delivery

Who did Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon place the heaviest tax burden on? a. Middle-income groups b. The working poor c. The working class d. The business community e. His fellow millionaires

Middle-income groups

American plan (Identify the historical significance) a. Managers sought to end their communication with workers and to offer benefits like pensions and insurance. b. They insisted on an "closed shop" in contrast to the mandatory union membership through the "open shop" that many labor activists had demanded in the strike wave after World War I. c. A social-oriented approach to worker relations popular among firms in the 1920s to defeat unionization. d. None of these are correct.

None of these are correct

"A few years ago, in the late 1920's, Alain Leroy Locke, a professor at Howard University . . . came to Harlem to gather material for the now famous Harlem Number of the Survey Graphic [magazine] and was hailed as the discoverer of artistic Harlem. "The Whites who read that issue of the Survey Graphic became aware that in Harlem, the largest Negro city in the world, there existed a group interested in the fine arts, creative literature, and classical music. So, well-meaning, vapid [dull] Whites from downtown New York came by bus, subway, or in limousines, to see for themselves these Negroes who wrote poetry and fiction and painted pictures. "Of course, said these pilgrims, it couldn't approach the creative results of Whites, but as a novelty, well, it didn't need standards. The very fact that these Blacks had the temerity to produce so-called Art, and not its quality, made the whole fantastic movement so alluring. . . . "News that Harlem had become a paradise spread rapidly and from villages and towns all over America . . . there began a [Black] migration of quaint [eccentric] characters, each with a message, who descended upon Harlem, sought out the cafes, lifted teacups with a jutting little finger, and dreamed of sponsors." Levi C. Hubert, African American journalist, essay reflecting on life in Harlem in the 1920s, written in 1938 Which of the following contributed to Hubert's criticism in the excerpt of White Americans who visited Harlem in the 1920s? a. Racial restrictions on the freedom of speech imposed during the First World War b. The inability of African American artists to influence popular culture c. Opposition to recruiting African American soldiers for the United States Army d. Ongoing public debates over how to improve race relations

Opposition to recruiting African American soldiers for the United States Army

What was Frederick W. Taylor, a prominent inventor and engineer, best known for? a. Advocacy for industrial unions to promote labor efficiency b. Promotion of industrial efficiency and scientific management c. Thoughts on Darwinian evolution d. Development of the gasoline engine e. Efforts to clean up polluted cities

Promotion of industrial efficiency and scientific management

The trend depicted in the graph most directly contributed to which of the following developments after 1920 ? a. Federal efforts to return Mexican immigrants to their homeland b. Total exclusion of immigration from China c. A decline in internal migration d. Restrictions on immigration from eastern and southern Europe

Restrictions on immigration from eastern and southern Europe

In the first years of the 1920s, the Supreme Court did all of the following except: a. Decided against a minimum wage for women b. Reversed its reasoning from previous cases c. Ruled in favor of labor unions d. Restricted government intervention in the economy e. Killed a federal child-labor law

Ruled in favor of labor unions

In December 1919, where did the United States government deport nearly 250 immigrant radicals to? a. Communist China b. Their original homelands c. Soviet Russia d. Germany e. Cuba

Soviet Russia

All of the following were true of the advent of mass advertising in the 1920s except: a. Producers began to look for ways to create mass markets for their mass-produced goods. b. Sports was the one business which lagged behind the rest of the consumer economy of the 1920s. c. Advertiser Bruce Barton published a best seller, The Man Nobody Knows, setting forth the provocative thesis that Jesus Christ was the greatest adman of all time. d. Advertisers sought to make Americans chronically discontented with their paltry possessions and want more. e. Advertisers employed persuasion and ploy, seduction and sexual suggestion.

Sports was the one business which lagged behind the rest of the consumer economy of the 1920s.

John T. Scopes (Identify the historical significance) a. Minnesota-born and Princeton-educated novelist who captured the glamour and spiritual emptiness of the 1920s jazz age in novels such as This Side of Paradise and The Great Gatsby. b. Tennessee high-school biology teacher who was prosecuted in 1925 for teaching the theory of evolution. Former presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan joined the prosecution. The talented Clarence Darrow served as defense attorney. c. The "Father of the Traffic Jam," Ford developed the Model T Ford and pioneered its assembly-line production. As founder of the Ford Motor Company, he became one of the wealthiest men in the world. d. An Austrian physician who led the way in developing the field of psychoanalysis. One of the most influential minds of the twentieth century, Freud was known for his argument that sexual repression was responsible for a variety of nervous and emotional ills.

Tennessee high-school biology teacher who was prosecuted in 1925 for teaching the theory of evolution. Former presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan joined the prosecution. The talented Clarence Darrow served as defense attorney.

Which of the following was a result of the Washington Conference of 1921—1922? a. The United States recognized the government of Bolshevik Russia. b. The Japanese pledged to scale down their navy. c. The British and Americans agreed to refrain from fortifying their Far East possessions. d. None of the choices are correct. e. The United States signed a Four-Power Treaty with France, Britain, and Russia.

The British and Americans agreed to refrain from fortifying their Far East possessions.

Where did the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s gain its greatest political strength? a. New England and the Middle Atlantic states b. The Southwest and the Pacific Northwest c. The Midwest and the South d. The cities of the Rocky Mountain West e. The Appalachian and Ozark Mountain regions

The Midwest and the South

The 1920s saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan. The people marching down Washington D.C.'s Pennsylvania Avenue in this photograph from 1928 reveal more about themselves than they might be aware. Analyze this image and answer the question that follows. [Klanswomen on Parade, 1928; 30-7 Hooded Hoodlums of the KKK, Image 30.9 National Archives] What conclusion can be made based on the image? a. The march went through a process of permit approval. b. The marchers were breaking the law. c. The march was hastily organized in response to anti-lynching legislation.

The march went through a process of permit approval.

"A few years ago, in the late 1920's, Alain Leroy Locke, a professor at Howard University . . . came to Harlem to gather material for the now famous Harlem Number of the Survey Graphic [magazine] and was hailed as the discoverer of artistic Harlem. "The Whites who read that issue of the Survey Graphic became aware that in Harlem, the largest Negro city in the world, there existed a group interested in the fine arts, creative literature, and classical music. So, well-meaning, vapid [dull] Whites from downtown New York came by bus, subway, or in limousines, to see for themselves these Negroes who wrote poetry and fiction and painted pictures. "Of course, said these pilgrims, it couldn't approach the creative results of Whites, but as a novelty, well, it didn't need standards. The very fact that these Blacks had the temerity to produce so-called Art, and not its quality, made the whole fantastic movement so alluring. . . . "News that Harlem had become a paradise spread rapidly and from villages and towns all over America . . . there began a [Black] migration of quaint [eccentric] characters, each with a message, who descended upon Harlem, sought out the cafes, lifted teacups with a jutting little finger, and dreamed of sponsors." Levi C. Hubert, African American journalist, essay reflecting on life in Harlem in the 1920s, written in 1938 The excerpt best reflects which of the following developments by the 1920s? a. The growing similarity of rural and urban African American culture b. The rise of African American civil rights advocacy organizations in the North c. The movement of African Americans during the Great Migration d. The decline in racial violence against African Americans

The movement of African Americans during the Great Migration

The 1920s saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan. The people marching down Washington D.C.'s Pennsylvania Avenue in this photograph from 1928 reveal more about themselves than they might be aware. Analyze this image and answer the question that follows. Klanswomen on Parade, 1928; 30-7 Hooded Hoodlums of the KKK, Image 30.9 National Archives What reasonable conclusion can you draw, based on the image, about the women of the KKK? a. They sought total independence from men as a political statement. b. They relied on men for protection. c. They believed they were as powerful as men.

They relied on men for protection.

The 1920s saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan. The people marching down Washington D.C.'s Pennsylvania Avenue in this photograph from 1928 reveal more about themselves than they might be aware. Analyze this image and answer the question that follows. What can be inferred from the image about the political beliefs of the KKK? a. They saw themselves as patriotic Americans. b. They renounced violence. c. They wanted to secede from the United States.

They saw themselves as patriotic Americans.

Question 23 "A few years ago, in the late 1920's, Alain Leroy Locke, a professor at Howard University . . . came to Harlem to gather material for the now famous Harlem Number of the Survey Graphic [magazine] and was hailed as the discoverer of artistic Harlem. "The Whites who read that issue of the Survey Graphic became aware that in Harlem, the largest Negro city in the world, there existed a group interested in the fine arts, creative literature, and classical music. So, well-meaning, vapid [dull] Whites from downtown New York came by bus, subway, or in limousines, to see for themselves these Negroes who wrote poetry and fiction and painted pictures. "Of course, said these pilgrims, it couldn't approach the creative results of Whites, but as a novelty, well, it didn't need standards. The very fact that these Blacks had the temerity to produce so-called Art, and not its quality, made the whole fantastic movement so alluring. . . . "News that Harlem had become a paradise spread rapidly and from villages and towns all over America . . . there began a [Black] migration of quaint [eccentric] characters, each with a message, who descended upon Harlem, sought out the cafes, lifted teacups with a jutting little finger, and dreamed of sponsors." Levi C. Hubert, African American journalist, essay reflecting on life in Harlem in the 1920s, written in 1938 Which of the following best explains a context for the development depicted in the excerpt? a. Market instability caused African Americans to seek work as writers. b. African American painters created works to advocate against fascist ideologies. c. African American sharecropping led to the creation of a new southern regional identity. d. Urban centers provided African Americans with opportunities for artistic expression.

Urban centers provided African Americans with opportunities for artistic expression.

During the 1920s, both the Sacco and Vanzetti case and the rise of the new Ku Klux Klan reflected a. the decreased influence of fundamentalist religious groups b. growing lawlessness resulting from the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment (Prohibition) c. increased racism resulting from the migration of Black southerners to urban centers in the North d. public fear and resentment of southern and eastern European immigrants e. widespread opposition to Congress' decision to join the League of Nations

public fear and resentment of southern and eastern European immigrants